1,720,956 research outputs found
Changes of eeg band oscillations to tonic cold pain and the behavioral inhibition and fight-flight-freeze systems
Full text linkUsing electroencephalography (EEG) power measures within conventional delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, the aims of the current study were to highlight cortical correlates of subjective perception of cold pain (CP) and the associations of these measures with behavioral inhibition system (BIS), fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS), and behavioral approach system personality traits. EEG was recorded in 55 healthy right-handed women under (i) a white noise interruption detection condition (Baseline); (ii) enduring CP induced by the cold cup test. CP and Baseline EEG band power scores within conventional frequency bands served for covariance analyses. We found that: (1) higher Pain scorers had higher EEG beta power changes at left frontal, midline central, posterior temporal leads; (2) higher BIS was associated with greater EEG delta activity changes at parietal scalp regions; (3) higher FFFS was associated with higher EEG delta activity changes at temporal and left-parietal regions, and with lower EEG gamma activity changes at right parietal regions. High FFFS, compared to Low FFFS scorers, also showed a lower gamma power across the midline, posterior temporal, and parietal regions. Results suggest a functional role of higher EEG beta activity in the subjective perception of tonic pain. EEG delta activity underpins conflict resolution system responsible for passive avoidance control of pain, while higher EEG delta and lower EEG gamma activity changes, taken together, underpin active avoidance system responsible for pain escape behavior
Psychopathy traits and reinforcement sensitivity theory: prepulse inhibition and ERP responses
No full textThis study examined the associations between Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST-PQ, Corr & Cooper, 2016) and psychopathy traits (LSRPS, Levenson et al., 1995) in university students. The aim was to identify psychopathy and RST traits associated with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle and ERP responses by using two prepulse-stimulus intensities (70 and 85 dB) combined with a 105 dB startle pulse (200 ms prepulse-plus-pulse interval). The higher intensity prepulse produced a larger PPI, although both prepulse stimuli reliably activated the startle system. Higher Primary Psychopathy was associated with a higher Defensive-Fight trait and both measures were associated with larger PPI. A principal components factor analysis disclosed an N1-startle factor that was a significant predictor of both reward reactivity and Goal-Drive Persistence scores. Results appear in line with Newman's response modulation hypothesis emphasizing the engagement of attention and recognition of stimulus salience, which may be disrupted in psychopathy
The Influence of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Gene Polymorphism, Persistence, and Attentional Characteristics on Novelty Seeking
No full textOver the last five decades, a number of biological oriented
personality theories have been proposed to explain how anatomical
and functional differences in the human brain are responsible for
individual differences in personality. Catechol-O-methyltransferase
(COMT) gene for the Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism
(rs4680) is known to influence the activity of the enzyme responsible
for dopamine metabolism and has been linked with various aspect of
personality dimensions and cognitive processes. In the present study,
non-clinical participants (201 women and 53 men) were adminis-
tered the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Tellegen
Absorption Scale, Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and
Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Suggestibility, Form C.
Among these participants, COMT polymorphism (parameterized as
a 3-level variable: 0 = Met/Met, 1 = Val/Met, 2 = Val/Val) was
assessed in 117 women and 51 men. Hypnotic Suggestibility scores
were significantly correlated with scores from the Absorption,
Extremely Focused Attention, and Dual Attention for Physical-
Cognitive task. We failed to find the expected significant association
between COMT and Hypnotic Suggestibility scores. In contrast, COMT
scores were significantly correlated with scores from Novelty Seeking
(r = -.15, p = .049) and its Disorderliness subscale (r = -.21, p =
.006). A principal component analysis (with varimax rotation),
performed on personality and attention measures, yielded a four-
factor solution: Factor-1 (Moderately Focused Attention, Dual Atten-
tion Cognitive-Cognitive, and Dual Attention Physical-Cognitive),
Factor-2 (Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Harm Avoidance),
Factor-3 (Hypnotic Suggestibility, Absorption, and Extremely Focused
Attention), and Factor-4 (Persistence). These factors accounted for
18.4%, 16.3%, 16.2%, and 12.3% of the total variance, respectively. These
findings guided us in the choice of the COMT, Persistence, Extremely
Focused Attention, and Absorption scores as predictors of Disorderli-
ness scores in separate multivariate regression analyses. Lower COMT
activity, higher Absorption scores, and lower Persistence scores
accounted for 18% of the total variance in the whole sample, and
10.8% in female sample. In male sample, higher Absorption and lower
Persistence scores significantly predicted Disorderliness scores,
accounting for 22% of the total variance. Since our male sample was
relatively small, further research is needed to understand gender
differences, if any, using a larger male sample
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
