24 research outputs found
A Quarter of Century in Artificial Intelligence and Law: Projects, Personal Trajectories, a Subjective PerspectiveLanguage, Culture, Computation. Computing of the Humanities, Law, and Narratives
No full textThis article describes projects in the domain of artificial intelligence and law, which resulted from the research of the five authors listed, when they formed teams (of the first author named and each one of the other authors). Therefore, the present paper offers a subjective perspective, from the viewpoint of personal trajectories within AI & Law. Several, though not all, of the projects concerned dealt with facets of legal evidence. These projects include: ALIBI (an AI planner generating exonerating accounts); a representation of Italy’s regional constitutions in a nested-relation representation (a precursor of XML); the application of kappa calculus and a probabilistic interpretation to a Scandinavian approach to evidential strength; the application of Petri Nets for representing temporal relations in mutual wills; Daedalus (Judge Asaro’s software assisting Italy’s examining magistrates with inquiries, and then when they turn prosecutors); a study in occurrences in court of allegations echoing the pretext archetype “The dog ate my homework” (even when the claim was not pretextuous); an application of Wigmore Charts to an analysis of both the argumentation and the rhetoric of an Italian arringa (final submissions to the court) from a real court case; editorial projects which promoted the emergence of evidence as a conspicuous field within AI & Law (thus overturning previous neglect); and a magnum opus (Nissan 2012a) which presents the state of the art of computational applications to legal evidence, police inquiries, or argumentation
Heritability of dental arches and occlusal characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground and objective: The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the heritability of dental arches and occlusal parameters in different stages of human dentition. Search methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source were searched up to August 2023 without the restriction of language or publication date. Selection criteria: Empirical studies investigating the heritability of dentoalveolar parameters among twins and siblings were included in the review. Data collection and analysis: Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate by two authors and a third author resolved conflicts if needed. Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias among studies and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 studies reporting heritability coefficients in the permanent dentition stages were deemed suitable for the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses showed high heritability estimates for maxillary intermolar width (0.52), maxillary intercanine width (0.54), mandibular intermolar width (0.55), mandibular intercanine width (0.55), maxillary arch length (0.76), mandibular arch length (0.57), and palatal depth (0.56). The heritability estimates for the occlusal parameters varied considerably, with relatively moderate values for crossbite (0.46) and overbite (0.44) and low values for buccal segment relationship (0.32), overjet (0.22), and rotation and displacement of teeth (0.16). However, the certainty of evidence for most of the outcomes was low according to the GRADE criteria. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that the dental arch dimensions have a high heritability while the occlusal parameters demonstrate a moderate to low heritability.Jamal Giri, Michelle Bockmann, Alan Brook, Taseef Hasan Farook, Maurice Meade and Toby Hughe
A mathematical simulation model for the movement of water and nitrate in the soil profile
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T15:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1974Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 99250
Lift date: 2019-05-18T15:22:37Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 99250 on 2019-05-19T09:15:16Z.Thesis (M.S.)--University of Illinois.Bibliography: leaves 77-81
Effect of adsorption site potential on adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in highly humic volcanic ash soil
No full textSodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) is a very useful and widely used anionic surfactant. This surfactant sometimes creates environmental problems when it is released into the water environment. However, the factors influencing the adsorption of DBS in soil have not been studied well. In this study, the influence of the potential at the adsorption site on the adsorption of DBS in a soil was first elucidated using a theoretical adsorption equation. The soil was a highly humic soil with a negative charge. The amount of DBS adsorbed was measured with a batch method for different electrolyte concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) at pH 4.5 and 6.5. The adsorption site potential of the soil was obtained with the modified Langmuir adsorption equation. The adsorption of DBS decreased as the electrolyte concentration decreased and as the pH increased because the repulsive electric potential between DBS and the soil increased. These results were confirmed by the obtained adsorption site potential and the measured electrophoretic mobility. The difference between the adsorption of DBS with a linear and with a branched carbon chain was also detected, and this difference was related to the free energy of micellization. Because DBS adsorption is strongly affected by electrolyte concentration and pH, these two factors must be carefully considered to predict the fate of DBS in soil and water environments
Neuroprotective effects of exosome therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
No full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Current treatments primarily address symptoms but fail to halt disease progression. Exosome-based therapies have emerged as a promising neuroprotective strategy due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver bioactive molecules. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of exosome therapy in PD by synthesizing data from preclinical studies. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Studies were included if they examined exosome therapy in PD models, evaluated neuroprotective effects and provided clear methodological details. Data extraction focused on exosome sources, experimental models, therapeutic mechanisms and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. Twelve preclinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects, including reduced neuronal apoptosis, restoration of autophagy, inhibition of neuroinflammation and enhanced dopaminergic neuron survival. Key mechanisms involved the modulation of signalling pathways (PI3K/AKT, NOX4-ROS-Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3). Despite these promising findings, variability in exosome isolation, administration routes and study designs was noted. Exosome therapy exhibits strong neuroprotective potential in preclinical PD models. However, standardized protocols, dose optimization and rigorous clinical trials are essential for translating these findings into viable treatments
A Visual Dashboard to Monitor BIM model Dynamics
No full textThe use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is on the rise in the construction industry as more of its potential is being harnessed. The evolution of BIM models is a dynamic process where a project’s information is progressively developing during a project’s timeline. Although several studies track a project’s evolution from product and process perspectives, they do not necessarily track actual model dynamics occurring at the level of model elements for design management purposes. In this regard, this study introduces five variables to track changes witnessed across BIM model development using a visual dashboard designed to facilitate their interpretation and use by practitioners. The study applies the developed dashboard on an empirical case study project to test its usefulness and shortcomings. Results show that the dashboard can convey several design management aspects and can help design managers better maneuver the development of their designs.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
The Finslerian quantum cosmology
No full textWe present a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker quantum cosmological model within the framework of Finslerian geometry. In this work, we consider a specific fluid. We obtain the corresponding Wheeler–DeWitt equation as the usual constraint equation as well as the Schrödinger equation following Dirac, although the approaches yield the same time-independent equation for the wave function of the universe. We provide exact classical and quantum mechanical solutions. We use eigenfunctions to study the time evolution of the expectation value of the scale factor. Finally, we discuss the physical meaning of the results.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Dark energy stars: Stable configurations
No full textIn present paper a spherically symmetric stellar configuration has been analyzed by assuming the matter distribution of the stellar configuration is anisotropic in nature and compared with the realistic objects, namely, the low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and X-ray pulsars. The analytic solution has been obtained by utilizing the dark energy equation of state for the interior solution corresponding to the Schwarzschild exterior vacuum solution at the junction interface. Several physical properties like energy conditions, stability, mass-radius ratio, and surface redshift are described through mathematical calculations as well as graphical plots. It is found that obtained mass-radius ration of the compact stars candidates like 4U 1820-30, PSR J 1614-2230, Vela X-1 and Cen X- 3are very much consistent with the observed data by Gangopadhyay et al. (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 431, 3216 (2013)). So our proposed model would be useful in the investigation of the possible clustering of dark energy.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
A new type of gravity from Barrow entropy
No full textIn this work, two originally separate adjustments for the Friedmann equations
are concurrently considered. Firstly, the fractal structure of the black hole
horizon region is imposed by the Barrow entropy. The second adjustment is the
gravity, which is based on a teleparallel framework
generalization of the Einstein-Hilbert action, where is the
scalar torsion. This can be considered as a Barrow entropy modification of the
gravity thus yielding a new model. Gravity thermodynamics
hypothesis principles are used to integrate these two models under a unified
framework. We derive the modified Friedmann equation and note the corrections
obtained. To understand the implications of such dual modifications, an
application is analyzed and a particular toy model is chosen
for the purpose. The equation of the state parameter of the resulting model,
the dimensionless density parameters of matter and dark energy, and the
deceleration parameter are explored to check the viability of the new model. A
discussion of the dynamic evolution of the universe follows from these results.
It is seen that the results comply with the observations. The newly developed
model is promising and demands further study.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2211.04178 by other author
Solar System Tests in Einstein- ther gravity
No full textIn the current paper we analyze the three classical tests of general relativity, viz. the precession of perihelion, deflection of light and time delay in Einstein ther gravity. Einstein ther gravity has two static, spherically symmetric, charged solutions of black hole solutions corresponding to different constraints on its coupling constants c14, and c123. We investigate the aforementioned tests for both these solutions, graphically and analytically. We also tabulate our results and discuss the outcome which is promising. We evaluate the results, when the coupling constants are varied over a vast range of values, both within the constraints set by the recent observational data, and also beyond, for a comparative study.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
