161,399 research outputs found
How Do You Say No?
No full textHave you ever found yourself thinking: “I know I said yes to this, but now I wish I’d said no. That’s what I wanted to say in the first place”? Chances are you said yes because you were afraid to say no or you didn’t know how, or you don’t like saying no. If you [...
La recepción de la obra de Jean-Baptiste Say en España: la teoría económica del empresario
No full textEste trabajo analiza la difusión de la teoría del empresario de Jean-Baptiste Say
en España, como último eslabón de una línea de pensamiento que tiene su origen
en Richard Cantillon. Se prueba que la particularidad de este autor es su gran difusión
en el siglo XIX español –siendo uno de los más traducidos– y la escasa
influencia de su teoría económica del empresario. Explicamos las razones de una
paradoja que deja sin fundamentos teóricos a cualquier política económica destinada
al desarrollo del tejido empresarial nacional. Son presentados los mecanismos
de difusión, tanto directos, por medio de traducciones, como indirectos, por
medio de autores españoles que pudieron difundir esta teoría de la función empresarial.
Nos interesa conocer la recepción por parte de los autores españoles de
la teoría del empresario de Say, determinar su grado de comprensión, de interpretación
en relación con la realidad nacional, de revisión teórica, e incluso conocer
si la fuente real de la idea a transmitir es el propio autor o alguna otra.This paper illustrates the spread of Jean-Baptiste Say’s entrepreneur theory in Spain –a last contribution within the French tradition in which Richard Cantillon and A. R. J. Turgot were predecessors. We attempt to demonstrate that this is a special case, because, even though J. B. Say was the most important author from a publishing point of view, his economic theory of entrepreneurship had very little influence. The spread of economic ideas by way of translation and Spanish authors which employed J. B. Say’s economic theory, give possible explanations to a
paradox which had left economic policy without a theoretical reference. We analyse how Say’s entrepreneur theory was received among Spanish authors in the 19th century, its degree of comprehension and the analytical additions made, and attempt to identify the real source of transmission
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Concentration in Knowledge Output: A case of Economics Journals
No full textThis paper assesses the degree of author concentration in seven economics journals, which were published in India during 1990-2002. To measure the degree of author concentration, Lotka's Law was used. Moreover, we also make an exploratory analysis of the geographic, economics subfield and institutional concentration in 704 economics journals. An important finding of this paper is that specialized journals in the sample report the highest degree of author concentration. This result is quite similar to the findings by Cox and Chung (1991). Furthermore, there are several instances showing that the journals lean towards certain norms; this may affect the flow of innovative ideas into economics. We conclude that a knowledge activity, involving the high degree of concentration and a biased publication process, may affect the flow of new ideas into the discipline.Concentration, Lotka's Law
Visual, Lexical, and Contextual Factors Affecting Word Identification During the Reading of Korean
No full textIn order to assess the role of visual, lexical, and contextual information on word identification in Korean, a self-paced reading experiment was conducted. The effects of word length (i.e., number of visual features, letters, phonemes, and syllables), frequency of occurrences in printed text, and word predictability were examined. It was found that the number of syllables and the number of visual features affected reading times significantly, but the other sub-lexical units (i.e., phonemes and letters) did not. Word frequency and predictability affected reading times respectively; however, the interaction between these two variables did not. The results imply that Korean word identification during reading can be affected highly by word frequency and relatively weakly by word predictability. Word frequency also interacted with word length, which is consistent with previous studies. It is concluded that in Korean the relevant processing unit, in the context of reading a sentence, is the syllable, taking internal structure variations into account
Preservice Teachers' Development of Effective Approaches to Text-based Discussion
No full textText-based discussion is a dialogic instructional practice to promote reading comprehension among students. To enact this practice, a teacher engages students in authentic conversation about text as students read it, to assist them in building understanding of text ideas as they are encountered. Text-based discussion has the potential to promote the development of both low-level and high-level comprehension skills among students, yet teachers need support in learning to enact it. Research has indicated that text-based discussion is not well-represented in classrooms today, likely because not many teachers have access to this support.
Recently, some teacher educators have focused on teaching preservice teachers (PSTs) to enact text-based discussions during teacher preparation programs, in an attempt to increase the presence of the practice in classrooms. Practice-based methods courses have been developed which attempt to provide preservice teachers with the knowledge and skill needed to enact text-based discussions successfully. This study investigated the ways in which six preservice teachers’ enactments of text-based discussion developed over the course of their one-year student teaching placements, after completing one such methods course in which they learned to enact the practice.
Data were collected at three time points during student teaching, and included transcripts of enactments of text-based discussion, lesson plans, interview transcripts, and assessments of lesson quality using the Instructional Quality Instrument (Junker et al., 2004). Analysis of the data suggested that the PSTs entered student teaching with the ability to enact text-based discussions with a moderate level of success, and that the quality of the discussions continued to improve over the course of the school year. The methods course seemed to support PSTs in learning to link student comments and press students for accuracy and reasoning. PSTs were more successful in eliciting student linking and recall of explicit text information than in eliciting elaborated responses from students; the participation structure enforced by the PST seemed to influence the extent to which students provided elaborated responses. This study supports the use of practice-based methods courses to teach PSTs to enact text-based discussions, and uncovers several areas that are in need of additional focus during these courses
Selective separation and preconcentration of cyanide by a column packed with cyanide-imprinted polymeric microbeads
No full textWOS: 000224188800002Using the strategy of template polymerization, specific metal-complexing polymer which is poly(methacryloylhistidine-Ni(II)-CN-) (P(MAH-Ni(II)-CN-)) has been prepared. This polymer is able to specifically recognize the cyanide ion. For this purpose, nickel(II)-methacryloylhistidine dihydrate complex monomer was synthesized and then reacted with KCN. Monomer-template complex phase was polymerized in dispersion medium. After polymerization, the template (CN-) was removed from the P(MAH-Ni(II)-CN-) microbeads getting CN- ion imprinted metal-chelate polymer. CN- imprinted metal-chelate polymer can be used several times without considerable loss of adsorption capacity. When the adsorption capacity of CN- imprinted microbeads were compared with nonimprinted microbeads, CN- imprinted microbeads have higher adsorption capacity. The K-d values for the CN--imprinted microbeads show increase in K-d for CN- while K-d decreases for SCN-, S2-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42- ions and the k' values are greater than 1 for imprinted microbeads of CN-/SCN-, CN-/S2-, CN-/Cl-, CN-/NO3- and CN-/SO42- are 43.37, 54.78, 109.1, 117.2 and 167.9, respectively. Determination of CN- ion in waste water showed that the interfering matrix had been almost removed during preconcentration. This means that CN- can be determined even in the presence of SCN-, S2-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42- ion
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