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Analysis of notifications on exceeding of the acceptable level of histamine according to the RASFF reports
No full textHistamina jest aminą biogenną wytwarzaną w znacznych ilościach w rybach i produktach rybnych zanieczyszczonych
bakteriami. Zawartość histaminy w rybach nie może przekraczać 200 mg/kg, ponieważ może powodować zatrucia. Dawka
powyżej 1000 mg/kg jest toksyczna, niebezpieczna dla konsumenta. Do systemu wczesnego ostrzegania o niebezpiecznej
żywności i paszach (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed - RASFF) wpływają powiadomienia o przekroczeniach dopuszczalnego
poziomu histaminy w żywności. W latach 2003 - 2009 wpłynęło 272 powiadomień w tym 72 alarmowych i 178
informacyjnych. Wysokie zawartości histaminy przekraczające dopuszczalny limit stwierdzono: w tuńczyku ponad 40-krotne
(8299 mg/kg), koryfenie (mahi-mahi) ponad 17-krotne (3490 mg/kg), sardynkach 9-krotne (1820 mg/kg), anchovii (sardela)
8-krotne (1630 mg/kg) oraz sosie rybnym ponad 7-krotne (1467 mg/kg).The histamine is biogenic amine produced in considerable amounts in fish and fish products contaminated with bacteria.
Histamine content in fish should not exceed 200 mg/kg, higher levels can cause poisoning and the concentrations above
1000 mg/kg are toxic and may be dangerous for man. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifies the
exceedances of the permissible level of histamine. In the years 2003 - 2009 there have been 272 notifications, including 72
alarm and 178 information. High histamine content in tuna exceeding the permissible level up to more than 40-fold (8299
mg/kg), in coryfena (mahi-mahi), more than 17-fold (3490 mg/kg), sardines 9-fold (1820 mg/kg), anchovii (anchovies) and
8-fold (1630 mg/kg) and fish sauce over a 7-fold (1467 mg/kg) was observed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fluorine content in total diets samples of small children in Poland
No full textCelem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie zawartości fluoru w dietach dzieci w wieku 1-4 lat, mieszkających w 16 miastach
w różnych regionach Polski. Posiłki całodzienne pobierano przez 10 kolejnych dni wiosną i jesienią w domach dziecka.
Zawartość fluoru oznaczono metodą potencjometryczną. Analizie poddano 457 całodziennych posiłków. Zawartość fluoru
w dietach wahała się od 0,04 do 0,42 mg/kg i wynosiła średnio 0,15±0,07 mg/kg, niezależnie od pory roku. Zaobserwowano,
że diety o najwyższym poziomie fluoru częściej niż diety o najniższym poziomie tego pierwiastka, zawierały herbatę, ryby,
sałatę, kalafior. Mimo niewielkiej różnicy między maksymalnym (0,32 mg/dm3) i minimalnym (0,09 mg/dm3) poziomem fluoru
w wodzie używanej do przygotowywania posiłków w miejscach objętych badaniem, zaobserwowano wprost proporcjonalną
zależność między zawartością fluoru w wodzie do picia i posiłkach dzieci. Średnie dzienne spożycie fluoru wynosiło 0,28
mg (zakres 0,10-0,76 mg), mediana 0,25 mg, 90. percentyl 0,47 mg. Średnie pobranie fluoru przez dzieci wynosiło 0,05 mg/
kg m.c./dzień i nie przekraczało wartości określonych w normach żywienia dla ludności Polski.hThe aim of this study was investigation of the fluorine content in diets of children aged 1 - 4 years, living in 16 cities
in different regions of Poland. Whole-day meals were collected for 10 subsequent days in spring and autumn seasons in
orphanages. Fluorine contents was determined by potentiometric method. 457 whole day meals were tested. The fluorine
contents in the daily diets ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 mg/kg, mean 0.15±0.07 mg kg, regardless of season collection. It was
observed that diets with the highest level of fluorine include tea, fish, lettuce and cauliflower more than diets with the lowest
levels of this element. There was a directly proportional dependence between fluoride in drinking water and children’s meals,
despite of the small difference between the maximum (0.32 mg/dm3) and minimum (0.09 mg/dm3) level of fluorine in water
used for cooking in places covered by this survey. The average daily intake of fluorine was 0.28 mg (range 0.10-0.76 mg),
median 0.25 mg, 90 percentile 0.47 mg. The average intake fluorine by children was 0.05 mg/kg b.w./day and not exceed
the values specified in the standards of nutrition for the Polish population
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Benzo[a]pyrene contamination of vegetable oils
No full textOznaczono poziom benzo(a)pirenu w 40 próbkach olejów roślinnych pobranych
z rynku. Zbadano wpływ ogrzewania oleju w wysokiej temperaturze na jego
zawartość. Na podstawie piśmiennictwa porównano występowanie benzo(a)pirenu
w tłuszczach roślinnych w innych krajach w odniesieniu do obowiązujących wymagań
w Unii Europejskiej.Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) analysis was carried out with glass chromatographic column with alumina followed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometric detection. B(a)P level in 40 vegetable oils were as follow: from 0,11 to 0,38 µg/kg in olive; from 0,92 to 3,74 µg/kg in rape seed oils; from 0,11 to 2,25 µg/kg in sunflower oils and from 0,33 tol,26 µg/kg in soya oils. In another investigated oils: arachide (peanut) corn, safflower, linen, hempen, sesame, pumpkin seeds, grape seeds -values from 0,10 to 1,44 µg/kg and 3,83 µg/kg in sea buckthorn oil were detected. B(a)P concentration in 4 from 40 investigated oils exceed the 2 ppb limit proposed by the European Commission.
Heating of sample of oils: olive, rape, soya, linen, corn, sesame, peanut, in temp. 240° C for 30 min. has not influence on decreased of B(a)P level
The spectrofluorometric method for histamine determination in canned fish products on spectrophotometer Specol 10 with FK equipment for spectrofluorometry
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