1,721,194 research outputs found
Communities of creation: Managing distributed innovation in turbulent markets
No full textWe describe a new model for managing distributed innovation, called the community of creation. The
community of creation is a governance mechanism for managing innovation that lies between the
hierarchy-based (closed) mechanism and the market-based (open) mechanism for innovation management.
The community-centric model shifts the locus of innovation beyond the boundaries of the firm, to a
community of individuals and firms that collaborate to create joint intellectual property. A community of
creation requires an identified sponsor, a set of ground rules for participation, and a system for managing
intellectual property rights. We argue that the community of creation model allows innovation to proceed in
a complex environment by striking a balance between order and chaos. We draw upon several theoretical
domains to define and develop the community of creation model. We present detailed case studies from
the computer industry to highlight the differences among the different approaches to innovation
management. We also discuss the opportunities and the unresolved issues of the community of creation
model for practitioners as well as for academics
Beyond Customer Knowledge Management: Customers as Knowledge Co-Creators
No full textWe begin by introducing the traditional concept of knowledge management, and extending it beyond the boundary of the firm. Next, we focus on the pre-conditions that need to be satisfied on the customers’ side to allow co-operation in knowledge creation. These conditions include the need for common language, trust and motivation for knowledge sharing. We offer prescriptions on how firms can identify the best customer knowledge assets, and how firms can motivate customers to share their knowledge. We then turn our attention to the basic capabilities that firms need after selecting and motivating customers, in order to integrate customer knowledge, disseminate it within their organizations and act on it to translate customer knowledge into new offerings. We introduce and explore the notion of firms’ absorptive, sharing and deployment capacities; and argue that if any one of these capacities is missing or if there are disconnects between these steps, the entire mechanism breaks down. We examine the potential process and linkage failures at each stage, and outline the basic reasons why organizations may fail to enact this process and the problems they have to face as a consequence. We offer guidelines for firms to overcome these failures and to improve their capacity to involve customers in their knowledge generation processes. We conclude the chapter with a set of managerial guidelines. In particular, we focus our attention on what firms need to do in the near future, from a technological, organizational, and cultural viewpoint
The Power of Innomediation
No full textA new kind of intermediary is helping companies innovate more effectively by connecting them over the Internet with a wide variety of current and potential customer
An effective traffic management scheme using adaptive handover time in next-generation cellular networks
No full textNext-generation cellular networks are expected to support various multimedia services over IP networks with high spectral efficiency. In these networks, hotspot cells can occur when available wireless resources at some location are not sufficient to sustain the needs of users. The hotspot cell can potentially lead to blocked or dropped calls, which can deteriorate the service quality for users. A group of users enjoying multimedia services could move around in the networks generating heavy flows of traffic. This situation can generate a hotspot cell which has a short lifespan of only a few minutes. If there is a steady increase in the number of these users, the hotspot cell which has a short lifespan will occur more frequently in the overall service area. In this paper, we propose a handover-based traffic management scheme which can effectively deal with hotspot cells in next-generation cellular networks. With our scheme, the current serving cell can recognize the traffic load status of the target cell in advance, before handover execution. Then, according to the load status, it adaptively controls the handover time. The handover-based traffic management scheme can effectively and flexibly handle hotspot cells in the networks. Acceptable service quality can also be supported as users continuously maintain communication links. In the simulation results, we find that our scheme generates a smaller number of hotspot cells and supports higher service quality than the schemes compared. Copyright ？ 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Knowledge Management and the Emerging Organizational Models of Distributed Innovation: Towards a Taxonomy
No full textTo sustain increased levels of innovation, scholars have suggested that firms need to move the focus outside their boundaries, and cast their net wide for knowledge that can facilitate the process of innovation. Since Cohen and Levinthal (1990)’s seminal study on absorptive capacities, the creation and development of innovations has been viewed as an inter-organizational process where firms produce new knowledge but can also absorb part of it from outside (Powell, Koput, Smith-Doherr, 1996). In several contexts - most of all in science-based and high tech ones - it is today economically feasible to operate a division of innovative labour among entities which are institutionally different and are driven by a separate system of incentives (Arora, Fosfuri, Gambardella, 2001). With this regard, Information and Communications Technologies (in particular, the Internet) have greatly enhanced the ability of firms to expand their repertoire of knowledge by engaging external actors in the innovation process. The Internet in fact enables the creation of virtual environments – platforms for collaboration that allow firms to tap into customer knowledge through an ongoing dialogue (Nambisan, 2002; Sawhney & Prandelli, 2000). To fully leverage the power of virtual environments, the authors propose that firms need to combine direct channels of connection with mediated channels created by virtual brokers. These actors create their own virtual environments for knowledge transfer and provide this knowledge as a service to firms. With an in-depth grounded study of several operators the authors identify different archetypes of virtual brokers of knowledge finalized to distributed innovation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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