1,720,955 research outputs found
Learning interventions in olympic skeleton through the use of physical simulation
No full textThe extreme sport of Skeleton faces driver-training constraints. This PhD focuses on the learning effects from virtual environment (VE) training. It was hypothesised that learning and skill-acquisition within the sport of Skeleton could be accelerated through the use of physical simulation and VE training. This has been investigated by linking various perceptual learning paradigms to the design of VE training.A review of previous simulator development and learning intervention research found an apparent lack of task specificity in VE design. This led to initial perceptual learning theories that focused on task specific stimuli cueing. Two on-ice track-testing sessions were conducted. They primarily provided the acquisition of on-track sled dynamic measurements and athlete subjective data, which helped formulate hypotheses around which cueing stimuli was important within a VE training scenario. Following these tests an experiment was conducted to investigate if proprioceptor stimuli had an effect on athlete sliding performance and learning rates. The results from the 5-subject experiment concluded that proprioceptor stimuli during virtual training showed improvement of learning rates and task performance. The findings promoted the development of new VE feature theories where learning was maximised by customising task specific cueing systems.A virtual environment was developed to investigate these theories and a motion cueing experiment was conducted, aimed at identifying if whole-body roll motion led to an increased learning rate. Subject learning rate and performance was evaluated from steer timing error measurements. Subjective feedback was provided which supported the measured results. Three verification methods for were used to investigate the effectiveness of skill transfer from simulated to real-world environment. Subjective and objective measures assessed the effects each VE subsystem had on subjects' ability to perform the task. The system's applicability and validity as a perceptual priming tool was demonstrated and shown; from pre and post VE intervention of athlete improvement comparisons, real-vs-simulated sled dynamics, and subject matter expert opinion. Compelling evidence was presented to suggest that positive transfer of training occurred
Assessment of an Empirical Bob-skeleton Steering Model
No full textAbstractThe sport of Skeleton involves the headfirst decent on a Bobsleigh ice track, whereby an athlete lies face forward on a sled with two runners. The athlete steers by applying reactive control movements with his or her shoulders and knees. There is a limited understanding of how these control movements effect the sled direction (yaw), which currently restricts advances in sled design. These limitations exist due to a lack of understanding at the ice-runner interaction contact point. Without knowing exactly how the runners create friction and why, runner design and athlete control is misunderstood. This paper discusses the measurement and analysis of on-track recorded data of various sled motion, forces and steering input parameters. These parameters have been used to develop an empirical ‘steering’ model, with the integration of athlete steering forces to determine sled reaction and response from steering input. Validation of the model shows a good relationship between real and approximated sled yaw throughout the descent. Such a model gives an insight into which forces are the primary cause of sled direction change and therefore how best to manipulate and change such forces to maximise control for the athlete. Future work includes validation of various runner friction coefficients so that control of different runners can be explored
Improved rehabilitation and training techniques through the use of motion simulation – core strength conditioning for elite rowers
No full textThe most common injuries experienced by sweep rowers relate to the lower back; rowers with greater core strength have been shown to be less prone to these injuries. Stationary rowing trainers (Ergometers) currently used for training and rehabilitation generally have a fixed support base, contrary to a real boat. It is hypothesized that training with an unstable base may help develop core strength in athletes. This paper describes early development of a rowing simulator with a realistic unstable platform. Using SolidWorks, a conceptual motion simulator was designed, which was then linked to MATLAB/Simulink to produce a controllable simulation of rowing. A control algorithm was developed to compute the forces and virtual rowing parameters required. The algorithm uses a PID controller to maintain a coordinate position of the virtual boat's centre of gravity. In particular, the issue of creating an “unstable” feeling about the roll axis was developed. Comparison between the simulated output and real rowing data is required for verification of effective control. The resultant control system could be linked to a real-time motion platform, whereby EMG and or other biometric measurements could be used to determine the effectiveness of core muscle activation between the simulator, Ergometer and on water rowing<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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