104,781 research outputs found
Cissidium itoi Sawada 2008
No full textCissidium itoi Sawada, 2008 Fig. 51 Material examined Paratypes JAPAN • 17 ex.; Shikoku, Ashizuri, Cape Kohchi Pref.; 1–3 May 1997; T. Ito leg.; YS, BMNH. Supplementary description The following description amplifies the type description of Sawada (2008) to conform with the entries in the present paper. SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 51A), length 0.66 mm. COLOUR. Dark brown, antennae, legs and pubescence paler. HEAD. With a row of indistinctly formed foveolae between the eyes; width across eyes 0.20 mm; antennomeres III–XI, length 0.27 mm, terminal antennomeres globular. PRONOTUM. Length 0.21 mm, width 0.29 mm, densely foveolate and pubescent throughout; side margins rounded to slightly concave before acute hind angles, border shallowly crenulate, not continued along the hind margin which has a shallow sinuous emargination in front of the scutellum (Fig. 51B). ELYTRA. Length 0.41 mm, width 0.32 mm, pubescent but without foveolae. MESOVENTRITE. Median extension of collar short; mid-keel and keel united without extensions to the anterior mesocoxal borders, strongly setose and sculpted, terminating in a rounded point between the mesocoxae; humeri shallowly toothed; mesoventral lateral borders smoothly rounded without serrations (Fig. 51C). METAVENTRITE. Sparsely pubescent, length 0.11 mm, width across spines 0.10 mm, disc foveolate medially; mesocoxal posterior borders without serrations GENITALIA. Male aedeagus pointed, not beak-shaped in profile; female spermatheca elongate as Fig. 6D. Remarks This is one of three species in this group from Japan and differs from C. latum Sawada, 2008 in being narrower and from C. nomurai Sawada, 2008 in the form of the female spermatheca.Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/377728
Effects of the T-matrix center-of-mass approximation in the Brueckner–Sawada theory of liquid helium II
No full text As a model for liquid helium II, we study the Bose–Einstein gas with a two-body interaction potential of the form ~δ(r − a), where r is the interparticle separation. Excitation spectra for various values of a are calculated using the Brueckner–Sawada approach based on the concept of the T matrix. However, unlike the work of Brueckner and Sawada and many other related works that followed, we take into account the dependence of the T matrix on the center-of-mass momentum of the interacting particles. Excitation spectra calculated with and without this dependence, using two different expressions for the two-particle propagator, indicate the validity of the Brueckner and Sawada center-of-mass approximation for physically interesting values of a. The difference between the two spectra is found to increase as a increases. </jats:p
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Semisulcospira watanabei Sawada 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Semisulcospira watanabei</i> Sawada sp. nov. <p>[New Japanese name: Tokitama-kawanina] (table 2, supplementary table S2; figs 9, 12K, L) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA379B5F-390A-4369-A921-A65B6CCE33A2</p> <p> <i>Melania niponica</i> – Martens, 1877: 116 (TAU).</p> <p> <i>Melania</i> (<i>Melanoides</i>) <i>niponica</i> – Nevill, 1884: 264 (TAU).</p> <p> <i>Semisulcospira niponica</i> – Kuroda, 1962: 86 (part; TAU).</p> <p> <i>Semisulcospira</i> (<i>Biwamelania</i>) <i>niponica</i> – Nishino, 1991: 9–10, unnumbered figures (part); Kihira et al., 2009: 24–25 (part).</p> <p> <i>Semisulcospira</i> (<i>Biwamelania</i>) <i>niponica</i> (ribbed type) – Watanabe & Nishino, 1995: 17–18, pl. 3, figs n–p (part).</p> <p> <i>Biwamelania niponica</i> – Nishino & Tanida, 2018: 56, 251 (part).</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>: Holotype: KUZ Z4109, adult female with embryonic shells treated with sodium hypochlorite, collected from depth of 0.3 m of Lake Biwa at Kitakomatsu Port, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, on 28 November 2021 by first author. Paratypes: KUZ Downloaded from Brill.com 08/29/2023 02:12:56AM via free access</p> <p>Z4110–Z4114, 4 adult females, 1 adult male, collected with holotype.</p> <p> <i>Additional materials</i>: KUZ Z4115, 4 females, KUZ Z4116, 2 males, collected with type specimens; KUZ Z4117, 1 juvenile, collected from Oura on 28 November 2021; KUZ Z4118, 12 females, KUZ Z4119, 2 males, collected from Nihonmatsu on 24 January 2021; KUZ Z4120, 15 females, KUZ Z4121, 10 males, collected from Horikiri Port on 28 November 2021.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The specific name is dedicated to Dr Naoshi Watanabe, who significantly contributed to the systematics of <i>Semisulcospira</i> in Lake Biwa.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>: Viviparous semisulcospirid. Adult shell small (SH 26.8 ± 3.0, 25.0 ± 2.2 mm, BWL 15.9 ± 1.3, 14.8 ± 1.3 mm), nearly triangular to elongated (SA 21.1 ± 2.7, 20.5 ± 2.5 degrees); color in black or brown background; outer lip of aperture hardly swell (ASL 0.06 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.04 mm); 2.8 ± 0.8, 2.9 ± 0.9 BCN; sculptures prominent, relatively few, ribbed on penultimate whorl (RN 11.1 ± 1.8, 10.1 ± 1.3); 4.6 ± 0.6, 4.4 ± 0.5 SCN; 1.7 ± 0.1, 1.8 ± 0.1 ASR; 2.8 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.2 WER. Embryonic shell small, with distinct nodes on surface; color in black background or beige background with 1–3 brown or black bands.</p> <p> <i>Description of holotype</i>: Adult shell (fig. 9A–C): AH 9.1 mm, AL 9.4 mm, ASR 1.57, AW 6.0 mm, BCN 2, BWL 16.1 mm, FWL 3.4 mm; NL 0 mm; PWL 6.3 mm, RN 11, SA 23.4 degrees, SH 25.0 mm, SW 11.0 mm, TWL 4.5 mm, WER 2.67; WN 3.50; shell nearly thick triangular; suture hardly undulating; whorl sides slightly convex; swell of outer lip of aperture absent; sculpture prominent, almost straight, vertical to oblique, fully ribbed in shell apex to body whorl, faded in body whorl near aperture, spiral striae absent; apex of shell eroded; shell colored black background without color band.</p> <p>Operculum (fig 9D): 6.5 mm in long diameter; nearly egg-shaped subcircular, paucispiral, comprising around 3 whorls; nucleus subcentral.</p> <p>Embryonic shells (fig 9E–G): EN 81, RNE 11, SHE 2.3 mm, SWE 1.8 mm, WNE 3; shell globose; suture moderately depressed by discrepancy in adjacent whorls; nodes remarkable, on central part of whorls, keels weak, on lower part of whorls; shell colored blackish beige background with 3 brown or black bands on upper and/or lower part of each whorl and/or on basal part of shell.</p> <p>Radula: Taenioglossa consisting of rachidian in single, lateral teeth, interior and exterior marginal teeth in double row. Rachidian roughly triangular with large central denticle and 2–3 minor pointed triangular cusps on each side. Lateral teeth with large central denticle, 2–3 inner and outer pointed cusps. Central denticle tip of rachidian and lateral teeth mostly flat, rarely pointed; central denticle of rachidian approximately regular triangular, about 3.5 times longer than other triangular cusps; central denticle of lateral irregular triangular, teeth about 2.5 times longer than other triangular cusps. Interior and exterior marginal teeth spoon-shaped with 4–5 rounded denticles.</p> <p>Reproductive organ: Female: Long narrow oviduct, entering near seminal receptacle with long protrusions. Ventral edge of spermatophore bursa with curved sperm gutter, extending toward mantle cavity. Brood pouch on dorsal side of spermatophore bursa, inflated dorsally, separated into many cells, including eggs and embryos; eggs and embryos radially developing from base of brood pouch near seminal receptacle and embryos in anterior or dorsal cells more developed.</p> <p> <i>Variation</i>: Adult shells (fig. 9M, O, R): Measurements and counts shown in table 2 and supplementary table S2. Shell nearly slightly elongated triangular; suture hardly to slightly undulating; whorl sides hardly to slightly convex; outer lip of aperture hardly to slightly swell; longitudinal ribs distinct, slightly curved, vertical to oblique, on upper to body whorl; spiral cords indistinct, sometimes absent; shell colored black to brackish brown or beige in background, rarely indistinct brown band on lower part of each whorl and/ or basal part of shell; surface of shells covered with thin algae layer before treatment.</p> <p>Operculums (fig. 9I, L, N, P, S): 5.5–8.2 mm in long diameter.</p> <p>Embryonic shells (fig. 9J, Q, T): Measurements and counts shown in table 2 and supplementary table S2. Shell colored blackish brown background or beige background with 1–3 brown or black bands on upper and/or lower part of each whorl and/or on basal part of shell.</p> <p>Radulae (fig. 12K, L): Lateral teeth with 2–4 inner and outer pointed cusps; central denticle of rachidian about 3.5 to 5.5 times longer than other triangular cusps; central denticle of lateral teeth about 2.5 to 3.0 times longer than other triangular cusps; 4–6 rounded denticles in interior and exterior marginal teeth.</p> <p>Reproductive organs: Male: Gonad consisting of testes, vas deferens, and prostate without penis. Posterior ventral part of inflated prostate with deep groove, forming U-shape in transverse section. Anterior prostate narrowly opening to mantle cavity.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and ecology</i>: The known distribution of the new species is discrete and limited to four sites in the coast of Lake Biwa (fig. 1). However, the species may be widespread on the Northern shore of the lake because the ribbed type of <i>S. niponica</i>, whose sculpture type is consistent with S. <i>watanabei</i> sp. nov. has been recorded there (Watanabe & Nishino, 1995, fig. 5b, <i>S</i>. (<i>B.</i>) <i>niponica</i> ribbed). <i>Semisulcospira watanabei</i> inhabits shallow rocky areas and concrete blocks around harbours. The new species was found with <i>S. niponica</i> at Kitakomatsu Port and with <i>S. fuscata</i> at Oura and Nihonmatsu. <i>Semisulcospira watanabei</i> sp. nov. was collected with other Lake Biwa species: <i>S. habei</i> at Oura, Nihonmatsu, and Horikiri Port; <i>S. decipiens</i> at Oura and Nihonmatsu.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>: The new species was first described as an intraspecific variation of <i>S. niponica</i> by Watanabe and Nishino (1995). <i>Semisulcospira watanabei</i> sp. nov. can be discriminated from <i>S. niponica</i> in the smaller size of the adult and embryonic shell and fewer prominent longitudinal ribs on the shell surface. Traits of a blackish, elongated triangular adult shell, prominent longitudinal ribs, and globose embryonic shells with several brown bands distinguish <i>S. watanabei</i> sp. nov. from other <i>Semisulcospira</i> species (supplementary fig. S1).</p>Published as part of <i>Sawada, Naoto & Fuke, Yusuke, 2023, Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae), pp. 1-37 in Contributions to Zoology 92 (1)</i> on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.1163/18759866-BJA10035, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8349612">http://zenodo.org/record/8349612</a>
Theory of Brueckner and Sawada Applied to a Many-Boson Model
No full text The Bassichis–Foldy model of a simple interacting boson is solved numerically and the results are compared with those obtained by the Bogoliubov approximation and by the Brueckner–Sawada t-matrix formalism. In the normal region, contrary to the widely held view, the Brueckner–Sawada approximation for the energy of the ground state is not reliable for strong, well-behaved, repulsive forces. The Bogoliubov approximation, on the other hand, remains valid for a wide range of values of the coupling constant. In the inverted region, the attractive force causes a population inversion in the levels of the system. For this case a modified Brueckner–Sawada approximation is developed. This method is applied to the calculation of the transition point and the energies of the ground and the first excited states of the system. Here most of the predictions of the modified Brueckner–Sawada approximation are quite accurate. By a simple change in the Bassichis–Foldy model it is shown that even, for two bosons there can be a phase transition. In this model, the derivative of the ground state energy with respect to the coupling constant is discontinuous at the transition point. </jats:p
Cissidium shibatai Sawada 2008
No full textCissidium shibatai Sawada, 2008 Fig. 103 Material examined Paratypes JAPAN • 4 ♀♀; Ryukyus, Mt. Omotodake, Ishigaki Is. Okinawa Pref.; 11 Apr. 1986; S. Nomura leg.; YS, BMNH • 1 ex.; same locality as for preceding; 8 May 1998; Y.Sawada leg.; YS, BMNH • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 2 Aug. 1999, Y. Nishikawa leg.; YS • 1 ♀; Kanpire, Iriomote Is., Okinawa Pref.; 14 Apr. 1986; S.Nomura leg.; YS • 3 ♀♀; Toyokawa Iriomote Is., Okinawa Pref.; 16 May 1994; T. Hanatani leg.; YS, BMNH. Supplementary description The following description amplifies the type description of Sawada (2008) in order to conform with the entries in the present paper. SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 103A), length 0.75 mm. COLOUR. Reddish brown, antennae, legs and pubescence dusky yellow. HEAD. With a deep transverse depression behind the eyes. Distance across the eyes 0.23 mm; antennomeres III–XI 0.33 mm long, III–IX 0.19 mm long, X–XI 0.14 mm long; mentum obscured. PRONOTUM. Length 0.22 mm, width 0.35 mm, sparsely pubescent, foveolate and with two distinct longitudinal foveae extending from basal margin at corners of the angulate emargination opposite the scutellum; side margins strongly angulate, almost straight to obtuse hind angles, bordered, the border continuing along the posterior margin (Fig. 103B). ELYTRA. Length 0.52 mm, width 0.46 mm, pubescence denser than on the pronotum. MESOVENTRITE. Median process of collar broad, short; mid-keel almost parallel sided slightly wider posteriorly, hind angles with carinae reaching to mesocoxal anterior borders, setose before junction with keel; keel narrow, parallel-sided becoming slightly wider posteriorly between the mesocoxae with ± three setae; mesoventral lateral borders serrate in posterior half; humeri strongly toothed (Fig. 103C). METAVENTRITE. Sparsely pubescent, length 0.16 mm, disc simple, distance across spines 0.12 mm; mesocoxal posterior borders serrate. GENITALIA. Male aedeagus, as Fig. 6 Ia–b but beak bent to a right angle. Female spermatheca U-shaped as Fig. 6E. Remarks This is the only Japanese species in this group apart from C. nishikawai. It may be distinguished from that species by the much narrower pronotal base.Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/377728
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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