93 research outputs found
Historian Badr al-Din bin Habib al-Shami al-Halabi (d. 779 AH) his biography and scientific implications
Get PDFThis research explores the study of the life of the author Badr al-Din Bin Habib al-shami al-Halabi (d.779 AH),since he is considered the historian of the eighth century AH, and he lived in an era that the researchers called several labels, including the era of Mamluk and Mamluks and the Ottomans era, and there are those called the era of the Tatar or era Mughal, and the author obtained a scientific and historical position among the successors of this era, he wrote the construction and the secret and the judiciary prosecution and the writing of the dear judgment and the good luck and other religious and administrative functions as well as authorship and teaching
The Colonial Legacies and Contemporary Failings of the International Refugee Regime in the Shami Region
No full textNote: This article has been removed at the author\u27s request due to formatting errors in the Arabic text.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recently announced that an "unprecedented" 68.5 million people have been forced to flee their homes [1]. Given that this figure continues to rise—the number of displaced individuals jumped by 2.9 million between 2016 and 2017—advocates, scholars, and policymakers must now reflect on the contemporary realities that continue to hamper the effectiveness of the post-World War II Global Refugee Regime. In this work, the Global Refugee Regime refers to "the body of law that surrounds international migration based on safety and protection" such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Accords [2]. Moreover, this work centers on a historical analysis of movement in the Shami (?????) region—a region comprised in part by lands in modern-day Palestine/Israel, TransJordan (later the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), Lebanon, and Syria—during periods of rule under the Roman Empire, the Islamic Caliphates, the Ottoman Empire.
This work then juxtaposes the movement and fluidity of borders under these ruling regimes with the aforementioned nation-states\u27 contemporary borders, with a particular emphasis on the Syrian diaspora following the 2011 Syrian civil war while also quantifying the number of refugees that fell under one of the durable solutions. From this juxtaposition, this paper will demonstrate how structures of governance (states, governments, international bodies like the UNHCR following the 1967 Accords) operating in the Shami region following World Wars I and II inherently relied on socio-legal definitions and colonial structures from the Global North that led to the mass displacement of Syrians in the region. The region\u27s reliance on the UNHCR thus created a feedback loop wherein nation-states in the Middle East (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria) were forced to share governance of displaced peoples with the UNHCR as they sought to address contemporary forced migration, each reliant on the legitimacy of the other for the implementation of half-solutions. This shared governance between nation-states and the UNHCR reinforced the legitimacy of a broken international Refugee Regime and its colonial underpinnings, which ultimately shaped contemporary nation-state borders
The road to development: market access and varieties of clientelism in rural Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFRural economies in developing countries are often characterised by high levels of
inequality, particularly so in their distribution of land. This can lead to the
establishment of patron-client relationships between peasants and their landlords
with far-reaching social, political, and economic implications for both parties.
This thesis investigates whether, and how, clientelist networks change, when
connecting isolated villages become connected to the outside economy. It does so
from three different perspectives. Firstly, it highlights the ability of resource rich
landlords to interlink different markets in the rural economy in an effort to
maximise surplus extraction. Yet, when peasants are provided credible exit
options, the change in relative bargaining powers alters the character of such
interlinkages in favour of the peasants. Secondly, it explores how clientelism
enables landlords to use peasant votes as bargaining chips with politicians to
appropriate public resources for their own private benefit. Yet, when peasants are
given outside options, the landlord has to provide them with public goods in order
to maintain his economic and social standing in the village. Lastly, it analyses
peasants’ difficulty in engaging in community driven projects when residing under
a strong patron. Yet, when landlords have to compete with markets outside the
village, they no longer have the incentive or ability to block peasant collective
action for self provision. In all three areas, it is argued that the patrons’ ability to
control peasant activities stems from the interaction of inequality with isolation,
which provides them with monopoly/monopsony powers. Hence while policy
solutions to exploitative forms of clientelism have typically focused on land
redistribution, I argue that similar results are attainable by increasing peasants’
outside options. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis I make use of a
natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway in rural Punjab,
Pakistan. The research design compares connected villages dominated by large
landlords to isolated ones and uses villages with relatively egalitarian distribution
of land as a control group. Making use of field interviews and quantitative survey
data the thesis finds that connectivity results in converging outcomes between
connected villages dominated by large landlords and those with more egalitarian
distribution of land. The results suggest that connecting villages previously
isolated from the outside economy can go a long way to help the rural poor
Exponential smoothing of seasonal time series without seasonal smoothing constant
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
So Doth, So is Religion. John Donne and Diplomatic Contexts in the Reformed Netherlands, 1619-1620
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF “TAZKIRAT USH-SHUARO” AND “SHAMI GHARIBON”
No full textThe article shows the commonalities of Tazkirat-ush-Shuaro with other tazkiras. Our aim is to introduce into the Persian-Tajik literature, on the one hand, the history of tazkiranavism and, on the other hand, the influence of Mutribi's tazkira on the tazkira of the later period. From this point of view, we have tried to compare the tazkirat of “Tazkirat ush-shuaro” by Mutribi Samarkandiy with the tazkira of Lachhami Nairoyin “Shomi gharibon”. Our observations have shown that the “Tazkirat ush-shuaro” tazkira is an important source in the study of not only the scientific, literary and cultural life of Movarounnahr, but also the literary environment of India. Although the author of “Shomi Gharibon” does not refer to the source, it has been studied that the influence of Mutribi's work “Tazkirat ush-shuaro” in the tazkira is significant
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