1,721,044 research outputs found
3D Printing for Drug Manufacturing: A Perspective on the Future of Pharmaceuticals
No full textSince a three-dimensional (3D) printed drug was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015, there has been a growing interest in 3D printing for drug manufacturing. There are multiple 3D printing methods – including selective laser sintering, binder deposition, stereolithography, inkjet printing, extrusion-based printing, and fused deposition modeling – which are compatible with printing drug products, in addition to both polymer filaments and hydrogels as materials for drug carriers. We see the adaptability of 3D printing as a revolutionary force in the pharmaceutical industry. Release characteristics of drugs may be controlled by complex 3D printed geometries and architectures. Precise and unique doses can be engineered and fabricated via 3D printing according to individual prescriptions. On-demand printing of drug products can be implemented for drugs with limited shelf life or for patient-specific medications, offering an alternative to traditional compounding pharmacies. For these reasons, 3D printing for drug manufacturing is the future of pharmaceuticals, making personalized medicine possible while also transforming pharmacies.</jats:p
A Hybrid Approach for Large-scale Fabrication of Paper-based Electrochemical Assays for Biomedical Diagnosis
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Impact and Spreading of a Microdroplet on a Solid Wall
No full textImpact and spreading of a viscous micro droplet on dry solid surfaces are studied computationally using a finite-difference/front-tracking method. The problem is motivated by single cell epitaxy developed for printing biological cells on a solid substrate using ink-jet printer technology. In this study, we consider impact and spreading of a simple droplet on a partially wetting substrate as a first step in developing a complete compound droplet model for the single cell epitaxi. The numerical method is general and can treat non-wetting, partially wetting and fully wetting cases but the focus here is placed on partially wetting substrates. The contact angle is specified dynamically using the empirical correlation given by Kistler (1993). In addition, a precursive film model is also used especially for the highly wettable cases, i.e., the static contact angle is smaller than 30° due to numerical difficulty of resolving thin liquid later penetrating into surrounding gas near the solid surface. The numerical method is first applied to simple droplet spreading and the results are compared with experimental data of Sikalo et al. (2005). Then the effects of governing non-dimensional numbers on the spreading rate, apparent contact angle and deformation of the droplet are investigated. Finally a few preliminary results are presented for the impact and spreading of a compound microdroplet on a partially wetting surface.</jats:p
Editorial for the Special Issue on 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices
No full textThree-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the microfabrication prototyping workflow over the past few years. [...
Emerging Anti-Fouling Methods: Towards Reusability of 3D-Printed Devices for Biomedical Applications
No full textMicrofluidic devices are used in a myriad of biomedical applications such as cancer screening, drug testing, and point-of-care diagnostics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a low-cost, rapid prototyping, efficient fabrication method, as compared to the costly—in terms of time, labor, and resources—traditional fabrication method of soft lithography of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Various 3D printing methods are applicable, including fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, and photopolymer inkjet printing. Additionally, several materials are available that have low-viscosity in their raw form and, after printing and curing, exhibit high material strength, optical transparency, and biocompatibility. These features make 3D-printed microfluidic chips ideal for biomedical applications. However, for developing devices capable of long-term use, fouling—by nonspecific protein absorption and bacterial adhesion due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of most 3D-printed materials—presents a barrier to reusability. For this reason, there is a growing interest in anti-fouling methods and materials. Traditional and emerging approaches to anti-fouling are presented in regard to their applicability to microfluidic chips, with a particular interest in approaches compatible with 3D-printed chips
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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