1,720,966 research outputs found
Gold nanoclusters on amorphous carbon synthesized by ion-beam deposition
No full textGold clusters have been deposited by a monoenergetic, mass-selected ion beam with low energies (20-350 eV) on amorphous carbon substrates in order to minimize the influence of the surface crystallinity and the ion-induced structural changes. Gold has been used as a model system, due to the poor reactivity with carbon, to study the ion-energy dependence, the temporal evolution, and the influence of the temperature on the cluster distribution. The cluster size is very sensitive to the energy and the mean size strongly decreases from 4 to less than 1 nm as the ion energy increases. We can also note that the size distribution becomes broader. For impact energies below 100 eV, surface processes dominate the cluster nucleation and growth. If higher energies are used, an increasing number of ions is implanted below the surface and different processes control the cluster formation. When the energy increases above 350 eV, the cluster size drastically drops below 5 nm. The samples are analyzed with different methods such as atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine their size distribution, composition, and structure. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics
Thermovoltage mapping of standing electron waves on Au(111) surfaces at low temperatures
No full textStanding-wave patterns of Au(111) surface electrons in the vicinity of monatornic steps were studied by mapping the thermovoltage across the tunneling gap of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In contrast to other STM spectroscopic methods, the amplitude of the standing-wave oscillations builds up with distance from the step, up to a maximum. When the temperature T is decreased, the position of this maximum shifts outwards proportional to 1/T. This behavior is explained with an analytical expression and also with numerical calculations of the thermovoltage in the framework of the model of Tersoff and Hamann
2x1 reconstructed Si(111) surface: STM experiments versus ab initio calculations
No full textThe electronic structure of the Si(111)-2x1 surface has been studied with scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). A large experimental local density of states data set of LDOS(x,y,E) with subatomic resolution has been compared with ab initio calculated LDOS distributions. The influence of the tunneling tip DOS has been eliminated by repeated measurements with different tips. The experimentally determined shape of the LDOS(x,y,E) agrees very well with the calculated results based on the pi-bonded-chain model for both the surface valence and the conduction band. The good agreement with ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of the Si(111)-2x1 surface shows that STS provides reliable information of the sample LDOS even with subatomic resolution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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