4,610 research outputs found
Towards responsive enforcement of EU antitrust in pharmaceuticals
No full textThis chapter examines how the EU rules on cartels and dominance abuse (antitrust) are applied to the pharmaceutical sector, focusing on the approach of DG Competition and the Dutch NCA by way of example. After examining traditional enforcement strategies, it advocates a responsive approach, based on the work of John Braithwaite. This is expected to help address capacity problems and make the application of antitrust regarding pharmaceuticals more effective, while preserving its legitimacy. This approach also involves promoting more private enforcement. An additional expected benefit of relying on a responsive approach is that it will allow competition authorities to address currently underenforced related areas like medical devices and information technology in healthcare
Anticompetitive pharmaceutical patent settlements: the EU cases on pay-for-delay
No full textThis chapter looks at the case law on (reverse) patent settlement and pay for delay regarding pharmaceuticals at EU level, based on the antitrust cases pursued by the European Commission and the relevant decisions by the CJEU. The pay for delay cases are at the interstices of patent protection and competition law, and demonstrate the parallel applicability of these two legal systems. Until recently they formed the core focus of the Commission's enforcement activity concerning pharmaceuticals. Following appeals before the General Court in Lundbeck and Servier, the preliminary ruling in Paroxetine set out the CJEU's approach to the questions when reverse payments are objectionable and when by object infringements are concerned. This approach was confirmed in the ruling on the further appeal in Lundbeck. The chapter looks forward to the further appeal in Servier, which is likely to be the Court's final word on this type of infringement
Coherence in EU competition law
No full textSauter examines how competition law maintains its coherence. He charts the historical development of the EU competition regime and its path to decentralised enforcement, as well as studying the coherence of the regime's goals, boundaries, rules, and exceptions
Das Smartphone und die Einsamkeit : Erziehungswissenschaftler Friedrich Wolf erforscht, wie Ältere stärker von der Digitalisierung profitieren können
No full textGroße Tasten, ein übersichtliches Display – die Hersteller von Mobiltelefonen haben sich geirrt, als sie spezielle Geräte für ältere Menschen entwickelten: Die Angebote sind gründlich gefloppt. Doch aus gerontologischer und erziehungswissenschaftlicher Sicht lohnt es sich durchaus, die besonderen Bedürfnisse von Seniorinnen und Senioren näher zu untersuchen. Nicht erst die Corona-Krise hat gezeigt, dass das Smartphone ein Schlüssel zu mehr Teilhabe und Lebensqualität sein kann. Dazu arbeitet Friedrich Wolf am Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschafte
Mid-infrared observations of the transitional disks around DH Tauri, DM Tauri, and GM Aurigae
No full text Aims: We present mid-infrared observations and photometry of the transitional disks around the young stellar objects DH Tau, DM Tau, and GM Aur, obtained with VISIR/VLT in N band. Our aim is to resolve the inner region and the large-scale structures of these transitional disks, carrying potential signatures of intermediate or later stages of disk evolution and ongoing planet formation. Methods: We use the simultaneously observed standard-stars as PSF reference to constrain the radial flux profiles of our target objects. Subtracting the obtained standard-star profile from the corresponding science object profile yields the flux residuals produced by the star-disk system. A detection threshold takes into account the background standard deviation and also the seeing variations during the observations to evaluate the significance of these flux residuals. On the basis of a simple model for the dust re-emission, we derive constraints on the inner radius of the dust disk. Results: We spatially resolve the transitional disk around GM Aur and determine an inner-disk hole radius of 20.5+1.0-0.5 AU. The circumstellar disks around DH Tau and DM Tau are not spatially resolved but we are able to constrain the inner-disk hole radius to +9.0-2.0 AU and +0.5-0.5 AU, respectively. The performed photometry yields fluxes of 178 ± 31 mJy for DH Tau, 56 ± 6 mJy for DM Tau, and 229 ± 14 mJy for GM Aur. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla or Paranal Observatories under programme ID 380.C-0326
Writers Talk featuring authors Troy Hicks and Elaine Wolf
No full textElaine Wolf, author of Camp, talks to OSU students Erin Reilly-Sanders and Allison Fetzer. Author and teacher Troy Hicks talks to OSU employee Kevin Cordi about the impact of technology on the teaching of writing.The media can be accessed here: http://streaming.osu.edu/knowledgebank/WritersTalk-Audio/WT_2013-3-18-Hicks_Wolf.mp3Ohio State University. Center for the Study and Teaching of Writin
Translating the Author-Function: The (Re)Narration of Christa Wolf
No full textNarrative theory continues to offer new perspectives on the intercultural transfer of texts. Embedded in new narratives, the text opens up to new interpretations, resulting in the loss and acquisition of meaning. The writer’s persona or author-function (Foucault 1977) is also renegotiated by cultural transfer, as it is cumulatively and dynamically constructed through readings of an author’s texts and literary or biographical contexts. The translated author-function may differ considerably from the domestic, and may also interact with it as in the case of the East German writer Christa Wolf, whose international author-function has served for contrast (if not conflict) with her reception in the German Democratic Republic and united Germany. This was particularly marked during the 1990s, when revelations about Wolf’s political activity led to censure by the German media and literati. This paper demonstrates how the translation of Wolf’s texts and the construction of her international author-function have renegotiated her position within her domestic literary field
Naomi Wolf: Ethical Leadership for the 21st Century
No full textNaomi R. Wolf (born November 12, 1962) is an American liberal progressive feminist author, journalist, and former political advisor to Al Gore and Bill Clinton.
Via Wolf\u27s first book The Beauty Myth (1991),she became a leading spokeswoman of what has been described as the third wave of the feminist movement. Such leading feminists as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan praised the work; others, including Camille Paglia and Christina Hoff Sommers, criticized it. Her later books include the bestseller The End of America in 2007 and Vagina: A New Biography. Critics have challenged the quality and veracity of the scholarship in her books, including Outrages (2019). In this case, her serious misreading of court records led to its publication in the U.S. being cancelled.
Her career in journalism began in 1995 and has included topics such as abortion, the Occupy Wall Street movement, Edward Snowden and ISIS. She has written for media outlets such as The Nation, The New Republic, The Guardian and The Huffington Post
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