1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Shadowed intermediation. How two-sided platforms reshape intermediation to support direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers communities
No full textWith the commoditization of the Internet in the 2000’s, new distribution/retail actors performing intermediation functions have appeared: two-sided Internet platforms (TSIP). A TSIP is defined as “a market-making intermediary that facilitates transactions and negotiations between selling and buying [actors]” (Watson et al. 2015, p. 559). Their impact on contemporary markets (Airbnb, Uber…) is such that some scholars invite researchers to reconsider the role of traditional retailers from the perspective of TSIP. Two-sided markets and platforms have been investigated both by economists and marketing scholars mainly considering quantitative issues. Few recent studies depart from this economic-perspective to question behavioral issues such as customer orientation and power/dependence structure. Here we seek to understand how and what kind of value TSIP bring to their communities of customers. The empirical setting of this research is a French TSIP aiming at facilitating the development of local food systems in which consumers directly procure food from producers. The case is designed as a four embedded units of analysis study. Data collection technics combine personal interviews, observation and secondary data analysis. Results highlight the economic, functional and symbolic value propositions of the TSIP to its different kind of customers. Decomposing transactional, physical and communication channels allows understanding how value is co-created within the networks. Previous studies consider that TSIP do not control exchanges between their groups of customers. Here we show how the TSIP, discretely, but tightly, monitors and controls interactions between communities of sellers and buyers while squeezing the costs of physical distribution out of its business model. We then discuss discretion and control and their implication for the co-construction of symbolic value rooted in collective representations of direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers
Les blockchains et l’idéal de la traçabilité totale dans la chaîne logistique au prisme des théories du canal de distribution
No full textEn 2017, Doug McMillon, PDG de Walmart, a mis en avant le besoin de transparence dans le discours qu’il a prononcé devant l’assemblée annuelle du Forum Economique Mondial. Selon ce responsable, « les clients vont continuer de demander de la transparence à propos des prix et de la supply chain. Ils auront moins de temps pour rechercher les produits qu’ils achètent – mais ils seront encore plus attentifs à la manière dont ces produits sont approvisionnés. (…) Cela demandera aux distributeurs de travailler avec les fabricants pour se fournir en articles de manière responsable et durable. Les détaillants qui feront cela et qui partageront cette information bénéficieront d’une confiance accrue de la part des clients ». Dans cette réflexion prospective à l’horizon 2026, le leader américain de la distribution place au premier rang des attentes des consommateurs la recherche d’un contrôle accru sur leur expérience de consommation, avec l’accès à une information fiable et transparente sur la manière dont les biens qu’ils consomment sont produits et approvisionnés. Peu de temps avant cette déclaration, un communiqué de presse annonçait l’instauration d’une collaboration entre Walmart, IBM et l’université chinoise Tsinghua sur la question de la sécurité alimentaire (IBM, 2016). Ce partenariat vise à évaluer les apports de la technologie blockchain pour améliorer la transparence et l’efficience des supply chains alimentaires. La blockchain est « une technologie de stockage et de transmission d’informations (…) transparente, sécurisée et [qui] fonctionne sans organe central de contrôle », utilisant « une base de données numérique infalsifiable sur laquelle sont inscrits tous les échanges effectués entre ses utilisateurs » (Blockchain France, 2016, p. 10). En explorant les possibilités offertes par la blockchain, le géant de la distribution américaine cherche à renforcer la confiance des consommateurs en s’efforçant d’instaurer une traçabilité totale dans sa supply chain.Face au renforcement des exigences des consommateurs et aux risques de crises de tous ordres, les distributeurs s’interrogent sur leur rôle au sein des supply chains et plus largement de la société. Afin de relever les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés, ces détaillants mettent l’accent sur leur fonction de « pivot » dans la supply chain, comme le montrent les initiatives de Walmart. Selon Jacques Colin, le « pivot » est un acteur qui mobilise son « pouvoir de changement » au sein d’une supply chain pour « parvenir à aligner les stratégies et les opérations commerciales, industrielles, informatiques et logistiques de ses différents acteurs internes et/ou externes » (2005, p. 142-143). Lorsque le distributeur endosse ce rôle, il orchestre les échanges avec les autres acteurs de la chaîne en faisant en sorte que la supply chain soit pilotée par la demande (Colin et Paché, 1988). Pour assurer cette coordination, il doit instaurer un système d’information qui transcende les frontières organisationnelles. Jacques Colin a montré que l’on ne peut appréhender ce système qu’en prenant en compte les efforts de coordination des acteurs et en étudiant la dynamique inter-organisationnelle sur laquelle ils reposent. Le courant d’analyse béhavioriste des canaux de distribution, initié il y a une cinquantaine d’année (Stern, 1969), s’avère fort instructif pour l'étude de cette dynamique. Cette approche est mobilisée dans différents travaux réalisés au sein du CRET-LOG (Paché, 1999 ; Noireaux et Poirel, 2009 ; Roveillo, 2015), mais la littérature internationale en supply chain ne l'a intégrée que récemment et de manière imparfaite (Kozlenkova et al., 2015).Dans ce chapitre nous proposons d’avancer dans la voie de cette intégration en analysant la technologie blockchain à travers le prisme de la théorie béhavioriste des canaux de distribution. Nous présentons d’abord le défi de la traçabilité totale dans une supply chain et explorons les possibilités offertes par la technologie blockchain. Nous proposons ensuite une lecture de la coordination au sein d’une supply chain par les approches comportementales des canaux de distribution, en mettant en exergue la question du partage d’information entre acteurs. Prenant appui sur ces approches, nous discutons enfin l’idéal type de la traçabilité totale au sein d’une supply chain telle que la technologie blockchain, bien qu’émergente (Iansiti et Lakhani, 2017), permet de l’envisager
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Shadowed intermediation. How two-sided platforms reshape intermediation to support direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers communities
No full textWith the commoditization of the Internet in the 2000’s, new distribution/retail actors performing intermediation functions have appeared: two-sided Internet platforms (TSIP). A TSIP is defined as “a market-making intermediary that facilitates transactions and negotiations between selling and buying [actors]” (Watson et al. 2015, p. 559). Their impact on contemporary markets (Airbnb, Uber…) is such that some scholars invite researchers to reconsider the role of traditional retailers from the perspective of TSIP. Two-sided markets and platforms have been investigated both by economists and marketing scholars mainly considering quantitative issues. Few recent studies depart from this economic-perspective to question behavioral issues such as customer orientation and power/dependence structure. Here we seek to understand how and what kind of value TSIP bring to their communities of customers. The empirical setting of this research is a French TSIP aiming at facilitating the development of local food systems in which consumers directly procure food from producers. The case is designed as a four embedded units of analysis study. Data collection technics combine personal interviews, observation and secondary data analysis. Results highlight the economic, functional and symbolic value propositions of the TSIP to its different kind of customers. Decomposing transactional, physical and communication channels allows understanding how value is co-created within the networks. Previous studies consider that TSIP do not control exchanges between their groups of customers. Here we show how the TSIP, discretely, but tightly, monitors and controls interactions between communities of sellers and buyers while squeezing the costs of physical distribution out of its business model. We then discuss discretion and control and their implication for the co-construction of symbolic value rooted in collective representations of direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers
Shadowed intermediation. How two-sided platforms reshape intermediation to support direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers communities
No full textWith the commoditization of the Internet in the 2000’s, new distribution/retail actors performing intermediation functions have appeared: two-sided Internet platforms (TSIP). A TSIP is defined as “a market-making intermediary that facilitates transactions and negotiations between selling and buying [actors]” (Watson et al. 2015, p. 559). Their impact on contemporary markets (Airbnb, Uber…) is such that some scholars invite researchers to reconsider the role of traditional retailers from the perspective of TSIP. Two-sided markets and platforms have been investigated both by economists and marketing scholars mainly considering quantitative issues. Few recent studies depart from this economic-perspective to question behavioral issues such as customer orientation and power/dependence structure. Here we seek to understand how and what kind of value TSIP bring to their communities of customers. The empirical setting of this research is a French TSIP aiming at facilitating the development of local food systems in which consumers directly procure food from producers. The case is designed as a four embedded units of analysis study. Data collection technics combine personal interviews, observation and secondary data analysis. Results highlight the economic, functional and symbolic value propositions of the TSIP to its different kind of customers. Decomposing transactional, physical and communication channels allows understanding how value is co-created within the networks. Previous studies consider that TSIP do not control exchanges between their groups of customers. Here we show how the TSIP, discretely, but tightly, monitors and controls interactions between communities of sellers and buyers while squeezing the costs of physical distribution out of its business model. We then discuss discretion and control and their implication for the co-construction of symbolic value rooted in collective representations of direct exchanges between local food producers and consumers
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