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Schindleria macrodentata Ahnelt & Sauberer 2018, sp. nov.
No full textSchindleria macrodentata sp. nov. (Figures 1–6; Tables 1, 2) Holotype. ZMUC 77624. Female, 16.5 mm SL, 17.7 mm total length (TL) (Fig. 2). Molucca Sea, Indonesia, between the islands Sulawesi and Halmahera, 00°29′N, 125°54′E, more than 100 km offshore (Fig. 1). Station 3681 (bottom depth 2315 m), haul 4, wire out 100 m, actual sampling depth approximately 30 m, gear Stamin-net (S 150). 28 March 1929. Dana Expedition 1928–1930. Paratype. ZMUC 77617. Female, 18.7 mm SL (Fig. 3); caudal fin damaged. Sulu Sea, Philippines, northwest of the northern tip of Panay Island, 11°43′N, 121°43′E, about 20 km offshore (Fig. 1). Station 3734 (bottom depth 1170 m), haul 4, wire out 100 m, actual sampling depth approximately 30 m, gear Stamin-net (S 200). 27 June 1929. Dana Expedition 1928–1930. Diagnosis. A slender, elongated, unpigmented species of Schindleria, body depth at pectoral fin base 3.6–3.7 % of SL and at anal fin origin 3.9–4.8 % of SL; largest specimen 16.5 mm SL, 17.7 mm TL; dorsal fin exceeding anal fin origin distinctly, predorsal length 61.8–65.2 % of SL and preanal length 71.7–75.8 % of SL; dorsal fin rays 19–20, anal fin rays 10; first anal-fin ray positioned below 9 th dorsal-fin ray; few large teeth in the upper and the lower jaws, 7 on the premaxilla, 6 on the dentary; pectoral radial plate long, length 3.7–4.5 % of SL; number of myomeres 42 (30 + 11); first dorsal fin ray at myomere 20–21. Description. Morphometrics (Table 1) and meristics (Table 2) are given separately for the holotype and the paratype, respectively. The data of the paratype are in parentheses. First dorsal fin absent, second dorsal fin rays 19 (20), anal fin rays 10 (10), pectoral fin rays 15 (16), pelvic fin absent; caudal fin rays 13 (7 + 6) with 5 ventral and 6 dorsal procurrent rays; the posterior-most procurrent rays elongated, about 25 % of the length of the first principal caudal-fin ray and with an additional process laterally; first dorsal-fin ray at myomere 21 (20), the last at myomere 40 (40); first anal-fin ray at myomere 31 (30), last opposite last dorsal-fin ray; all fin rays, except those of the caudal fin, unbranched and unsegmented; myomeres 42 (42), precaudal 31 (30) + 11 (12); due to preservation vertebrae are not visible but the myomeres are associated 1:1 with the vertebrae; branchiostegal rays 5; upper and lower jaws with few, widely spaced, large teeth (Figs. 4A, B, D and 5), seven on each praemaxilla and six on each dentary; in the upper jaw the maxilla is distinctly longer than the praemaxilla; the lower jaws form a pointed arch. The body is slender, abdomen and tail of about equal height; the head is short with large, nearly round eyes and a long postorbital area; the snout is short, narrowing rapidly, of triangular shape from dorsal view; the pectoral radial plate is distinctly longer than wide (Table 1). No conspicuous urogenital papilla developed; ovaries are partly filled with numerous small eggs arranged in a single row [we counted about 80 (70) eggs but because of preservation not all eggs were visible, possibly their number exceeds 100] (Fig. 4C). Because of preservation the fish is not translucent. Therefore, it was not possible to detect the exact position of the gas bladder. Coloration in preserved specimens. Because of the dark muscles showing through the transparent skin, both specimens appear dark brown; urostylar part of caudal peduncle brownish; pectoral radial plate light brown; head translucent; eyes black. Coloration in life specimens. Not known. Distribution. Known only from Molucca Sea between the islands Sulawesi and Halmahera (Indonesia) (00°29′N, 125°54′E) and the Sulu Sea northwest of the north tip of Panay Island (Philippines) (11°43’N, 121°43′E) (Fig. 1). The specimen from the Molucca Sea was collected about 100 km offshore and represents the first offshore record of a Schindleria species. Etymology. The name macrodentata refers to the large teeth on the upper and lower jaws. “ macrodentata ” derived from the Greek prefix macro = large, and the Latin adjective dentatus = toothed. The name agrees in gender with the (feminine) generic name. The suggested common name is “Schindler’s large-toothed goby”. Comparisons. Schindleria macrodentata sp. nov. differs from S. brevipinguis, S. elongata, S. nigropunctata and S. pietschmanni very conspicuously in the combination of large teeth, a short tail and a dorsal fin distinctly exceeding the origin of the anal fin anteriorly. The only species also with a short tail and the dorsal fin distinctly exceeding the origin of the anal fin is S. praematura. In the following we compare S. macrodentata sp. nov. with S. praematura: S. macrodentata differs from S. praematura (values in parentheses) in (i) few, widely spaced and large teeth (many, closely spaced and tiny); (ii) an elongate, distinctly longer than wider, pectoral radial plate (paddle shaped, nearly as wide as long); (iii) most posterior procurrent ray in the caudal fin skeleton with an additional spiny process at its base (simple); (iv) snout in dorsal view triangular (roundish); (v) a shorter tail 22.1 % of SL (28.9 %); (vi) a longer predorsal 62–65 % (54 %) and preanal length 72–76 % of SL (53 %); (vii) a more slender body with body depth at pectoral fin origin 4 % (6 %) of SL and at anal fin origin 4–5 % of SL (6 %); (viii) a shorter head with a head length 11 % of SL (13–16 %); (ix) larger eyes with an eye diameter 28–29 % of head length (25 %) and (x) females with more than 80 small eggs (~30 large eggs). The traits (i)–(iii) are unique for S. macrodentata sp. nov. and separate this species from all other nominal species. A short tail like S. praematura is also present in the holotype of S. brevipinguis, a female (about 29 % of SL). But males of this species have a distinctly longer tail (mean about 37 % SL) (calculated from Watson and Walker 2004, Table 1). A possible important morphological character is the shape of the lower jaw (a pointed arch in S. macrodentata sp. nov., a rounded arch in S. pietschmanni and S. praematura (Figs. 4B and 4D) and in S. brevipinguis, S. elongata or S. nigropunctata (latter three from photographs). It was not possible to distinguish S. macrodentata sp. nov. unambiguously from S. praematura by the morphological characters for Schindleria addressed by Kon et al. (2007), i.e., by the number of fin rays (values of S. praematura in parenthesis): dorsal fin rays 20–22 (16–21), number of anal fin rays 10 (11–14) and by Fricke and El Regal (2017b), i.e., by the position of the first anal fin ray in relation to the dorsal fin rays: first anal fin ray ventral to dorsal fin ray 9–11 (7–10).Published as part of Ahnelt, Harald & Sauberer, Michael, 2018, A new species of Schindler's fish (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Schindleria) from the Malay Archipelago (Southeast Asia), with notes on the caudal fin complex of Schindleria, pp. 95-108 in Zootaxa 4531 (1) on pages 96-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/261439
Thorogobius alvheimi Sauberer & Iwamoto & Ahnelt 2018, sp. nov.
No full textThorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. (Figures 1–3, 7; Tables 1–3) Holotype. CAS 222482, female, standard length+caudal fin length 72.1+ 19.8 mm; Angola, off Luanda (8°24′S, 12°56′E) at depths of 166– 162 m, R/ V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen (DFN) stn. 3713, 15 April 2005. Paratypes. (8 specimens). Angola: CAS 222338, 1 male 51.8+d mm SL+CL, 1 female 52.3+d mm SL+CL, sw. of Congo R. mouth (6°27′S, 11°55′E), 109– 108 m, DFN stn. 3783, 22 April 2005; CAS 244059, 1 male 102.4+d mm SL+CL, same data as for holotype; CAS 225193, 1 female 52.2+d mm SL+CL, off Luanda (8°53.5′S, 13°02.21′E) 190– 187 m, DFN stn. 102, 11 March 2007; NMW 99079, 1 female 62.6+ 20.2 mm SL+CL, same data as for CAS 222338. Ghana: CAS 243855, 1 female 64.1+ 17.4 mm SL+CL, off Accra (5°16.44′N, 0°10.65′W), 91– 88 m, DFN stn. 13, 2 May 2010; CAS 243856, 1 male 51.3+ 15.3 mm SL+CL, off Keta (5°49.26′N, 1°07.57′E), 84– 74 m, DFN stn.4, 1 May 2010; CAS 243857, 1 female 58.6 + d mm SL+CL, se. off Keta, (5°53.89′N, 1°16.37′E), 208– 201 m, DFN stn. 2, 2 May 2010. Non-type specimens. (4 specimens). Excluded from type material because of damage and/or juvenile stage. CAS 244060, 4 specimens of undetermined sex (37.9–46.5 mm SL), same data as for holotype. Diagnosis. Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners in the combination of following characters: Fins: first dorsal fin with six spiny rays, second and third distinctly elongated; pectoral fin ray count 20–21; pelvic disc complete and short with well-developed anterior membrane (frenum), with pointed lateral lobes. Scales: nape and predorsal area naked; no scales on the opercle; scales in longitudinal series 27–31. Pattern of free neuromasts: supratemporal rows tr and trp developed, extending transversally between pores H and K; longitudinal row g short, not passing row m posteriorly and distinctly distant from row h; infraorbital row 6 long, ventrally extending to lower margin of preopercle, its ventral section 6i originating anterior to its dorsal section 6s; posterior lateral row h reaching anteriorly above posterior third of opercle. Body proportions: body depth (16.6– 20.4% at anal-fin origin in SL), head width (42.9–53.8% in head length); upper jaw long (42.6–45.7% in head length); minimum height of caudal peduncle (34.8–50.2% in caudal peduncle length); eyes large (22.4–31.3% in head length); caudal fin short (27.1–32.3% in SL). Coloration: body uniformly pale fawn and brown; margin of scale pockets dark brown pigmented, yielding a reticulated pattern; pale spots on nape and predorsal area; caudal fin uniformly dusky greyish. Description. Profile of head steep; dorsal outline of body straight. Tubular anterior nostril short without process from rim; branchiostegal membrane attached to side of isthmus. Fins. D1 with 6 spiny rays (6*: 9); D2 with 1 spiny and 11 articulated rays (1+11*: 9); anal fin with 1 spiny and 10 articulated rays (1+10*: 9); pectoral fin with 20–21 articulated rays (20*: 7, 21: 2); dorsalmost rays of pectoral fin within fin membrane; pelvic disc with 1 spiny and 5 articulated rays on each side (1+5*: 9); caudal fin with 16– 17 segmented rays (16*: 1, 17: 8), 14 of them branched (14*: 9). Second to fourth spiny rays of D1 longest; second spiny ray of D1 extremely elongated, when depressed reaching to end of D2 base; depressed third dorsal spiny ray reaching approximately to first quarter of D2 base. Pelvic disc complete (oval-shaped) with well-developed anterior membrane (frenum) that extends about 75% of first (spinous) ray; lobes distinct, narrow and pointed. Squamation. Scales in lateral series 27–31 (27: 2, 28: 1, 29*: 3, 30: 1, 31: 1); scales in transversal series 8–11 (8:2; 9: 1; 10*: 1, 11: 1). Entire trunk, breast and base of pectoral fin covered by large scales. Predorsal area, nape, cheek and opercle naked (Fig. 3). ......continued on the next page Dentition. Premaxillary teeth arranged in an outer row of distinctly larger canine teeth and 5–6 rows of small conical teeth; on dentary some teeth of anteriormost row enlarged and caniniform, followed by series of 5–6 intermediate rows of small conical teeth and innermost row of enlarged teeth. Gill-rakers (holotype). Eight gill-rakers on ceratobranchial bone; one on epibranchial and one on pharyngobranchial. Vertebrae. Total number 28; 11 precaudal and 17 caudal, including urostyle. Body proportions. Presented in table 2. Head lateral line system (Fig. 3). Anterior and posterior oculoscapular canals complete with pores (from anterior to posterior) B, C (unpaired), D (unpaired), E, F, G, H and K, and L, respectively. Preopercular canal with pores (from dorsal to ventral) M, N and O; these pores larger than pores of other head canals. Rows and number of neuromasts (sensory papillae) given in table 1. Generally a high number of papillae present in most of the neuromast rows. Coloration (preserved in ethanol). Body pale fawn and brown; head, including nape and predorsal area, darker than trunk; lips not distinctly darker than head; nape and predorsal area with pale spots in a reticulate pattern over dark ground laterally extending onto dorsal part of opercle; neuromasts (sensory papillae) dark brown; margin of scale pockets dark brown, yielding a reticulated pattern. Trunk uniformly pale fawn to brownish; no dark patches at the bases of dorsal fins; caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins uniformly dusky greyish (Figs. 2, 3). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Oddgeir Alvheim of the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, for his many photographic contributions to the FAO Species Identification Guides and for his assistance and advice to the second author during three surveys aboard the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen. Distribution and habitat. So far Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. is known only from the type localities off Angola and Ghana. It was dredged on the outer edge of the continental shelf from 208– 74m depth and occurs on soft bottom. Remarks. Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. differs distinctly from other species of the genus in the following specific characters (also see table 3 for an additional character matrix). Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius angolensis differ in: (1) squamation of nape and predorsal area and dorsal part of opercle (naked vs. completely scaled) (Fig. 7); (2) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows (less numerous and shorter vs. numerous and longer), e.g. row i1 (10–12 vs. 19–25); coloration (preserved) of (3) trunk (uniformly pale fawn to brownish with no distinct markings vs. pale fawn to brownish with two brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline below rear of D1 and center of D2, respectively); of (4) nape and predorsal area (with pale spots in a reticulate pattern over dark ground extending onto dorsal part of opercle vs. no spots on nape, predorsal area or opercle); of (5) pectoral fin (no dark vertical band on dorsal half of pectoral fin base vs. dark band on base of pectoral fin); (6) caudal fin uniformly dusky greyish vs. 4–5 vertical dark bands. Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius ephippiatus differ in: (1) scales in lateral midline (27–31 vs. 33–42); (2) lobe of pectoral fin (scaled vs. naked); (3) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); coloration (preserved) of (4) head, nape and predorsal area (pale spots in a reticulate pattern on nape and predorsal area only vs. brown spots on head, nape and predorsal area); of (5) trunk (uniformly pale fawn to brownish with no distinct markings vs. covered with dark brown blotches); (6) habitat preference (offshore between 74 and 208 m on soft bottoms vs. inshore in 6–60 m on sandy areas of rocky shores, also cave dwelling); (7) distribution (off Angola and Ghana vs. Norwegian Sea to Canary Islands). Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. differ in: (1) squamation of nape and predorsal area (naked vs. sides of nape and predorsal area scaled) (Figs. 3, 5, 7); (2) pattern of the head neuromast lateral line system (distance between rows g and h as least as long as row g vs. distance between both rows halflength of row g or less; row 6i originates anterior to 6s vs. rows 6i and 6s opposite to each other); coloration (preserved) of (3) nape and predorsal area (with pale spots in a reticulate pattern over dark ground laterally extending on dorsal part of opercle vs. no spots on nape and predorsal area) (Figs. 3, 5); of (4) pectoral fin (no dark vertical band on dorsal half of pectoral fin base vs. dark band on base of pectoral fin) (Figs. 2, 4, 6); of (5) caudal fin (uniformly dusky greyish vs. with 6–7 distinct dark vertical bands) (Figs. 2, 6). Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius macrolepis differ in: (1) number of pectoral fin rays (20–21 vs. 17–18); (2) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows, e.g. r2 (11–20 vs. 4–8), c 2 (16–24 vs. 8–13), 3 (12– 22 vs. 8–11), 4 (16–25 vs. 9–13), e1 (32–46 vs. 24–29), f (17–29 vs. 10–15), as1 (16–22 vs. 7–11), la2 (8 vs. 3–7); (3) lobe of pectoral fin (scaled vs. naked); (4) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); coloration (preserved) of (5) head, nape and predorsal area (pale spots in reticulate pattern on nape and predorsal area only vs. brown spots on head, nape and predorsal area); of (6) trunk (uniformly pale fawn to brownish with no distinct markings vs. covered with pale spots and blotches); (7) habitat preference (offshore between 74 and 208 m on soft bottom vs. inshore in 6–60 m on sandy areas of rocky shores, also cave dwelling); (8) distribution (off Angola and Ghana vs. from the Mediterranean). Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius rofeni differ in: (1) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); (2) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows, e.g. r2 (11–20 vs. 5–8), h (18–35 vs. 12–17), as1 (16– 23 vs. 10–13), la2 (8 vs. 4–5); (3) upper jaw longer (42.6–45.7% vs. 33.0–37.2% in head length); (4) coloration (preserved) of (5) nape and predorsal area (with pale spots in a reticulate pattern over dark ground laterally extending on dorsal part of opercle vs. no spots on nape and predorsal area); of (6) caudal fin (uniformly dusky greyish vs. with distinct dark vertical bands).Published as part of Sauberer, Michael, Iwamoto, Tomio & Ahnelt, Harald, 2018, Two new deep-water species of the genus Thorogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the upper continental slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic, pp. 357-371 in Zootaxa 4429 (2) on pages 360-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/128391
Thorogobius laureatus Sauberer & Iwamoto & Ahnelt 2018, sp. nov.
No full textThorogobius laureatus sp. nov. (Figures 1, 4–7; Tables 1–3) Holotype. CAS 243854, male, standard length+caudal fin length 65.1+ 23.1 mm, Angola, sw. of Congo R. mouth, (6°27′S, 11°55′E) from depths of 109– 108 m, R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen (DFN) stn. 3783, 22 April 2005. Paratypes. (10 specimens). Angola: CAS 225191, 1 male 74.0+ 24.2 mm SL+CL, off Cape Santa Maria (11°46.28′S, 13°29.29′E), 165– 164 m, DFN stn. 43, 4 March 2007; CAS 244058, 1 female 74.9+ 21.5 mm SL+CL, same data as for holotype; ZSM 32517, 1 female 80.2+ 23.9 mm SL+CL, off Sumbe (11°13′S, 13°36′E), 147– 146 m, DFN stn. 3044, 8 March 2003; ZSM 35530, 1 female 78.0+ 21.8 mm SL+CL, same data as for ZSM 32517. São Tomé and Príncipe: CAS 243850, 2 females 58.1+19.3 & 58.5+ 18.8 mm SL+CL, off São Tomé Is. (0°08.7′N, 6°41.7′E), 65– 57 m, DFN stn. 30, 18 May 2010; CAS 243851, 1 male 60.8+ 19.6 mm SL+CL, off São Tomé Is. (0°09.9′N, 6°42.6′E), 65– 64 m, DFN stn. 34, 18 May 2010; CAS 243852, 1 male 58.3+d mm SL+CL, off São Tomé Is. (0°08.84′N, 6°41.8′E), 57–65 m, DFN stn. 40, 19 May 2010; CAS 243853, 1 female 58.8+ 18.4 mm SL+CL, off São Tomé Is. (0°15.8′N, 6°47.1′E), 71– 60 m, DFN stn. 35, 19 May 2010; NMW 99080, 1 male 59.1+ 20.9 mm SL+CL, same data as for CAS 243850 (Fig. 6). Non-type specimens. (4 specimens). Excluded from type material because of damage and/or juvenile stage. CAS 244223, 4 specimens of undetermined sex (35.7–46.9 mm SL), same data as for CAS 243850. Diagnosis. Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners in the combination of following characters: Fins: first dorsal fin with six spiny rays, second and third distinctly elongated; pectoral fin ray count 19–22; pelvic disc complete and short with well-developed anterior membrane (frenum), with pointed lateral lobes. Scales: scales on nape and predorsal area in lateral band; no scales on opercle; scales in longitudinal series 24–27. Pattern of free neuromasts (sensory papillae): supratemporal rows tr and trp developed, extending transversally between pores H and K; longitudinal row g long, passing row m posteriorly and relatively close to row h; infraorbital row 6 long, ventrally extending to lower margin of preopercle, its ventral (6i) and dorsal (6s) originating opposite to each other; posterior lateral rows: row h long, reaching anteriorly above middle of opercle. Body proportions: body depth (18.9–23.8% at anal-fin origin in SL), head width (48.5–56.0% in head length); upper jaw long (41.8–58.0% in head length); minimum height of caudal peduncle (45.1–59.8% in caudal peduncle length); eyes large (23.9–30.9% in head length); caudal fin long (27.9–35.5% in SL). Coloration: body pale fawn and brownish; margin of scale pockets dark brown pigmented, yielding a reticulated pattern; five brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline from below first dorsal fin to caudal peduncle; caudal fin with 6–7 distinct dark vertical bands. Description. Profile of head steep; dorsal outline of body straight. Tubular anterior nostril short, without process from rim; branchiostegal membrane attached to side of isthmus. Fins. D1 6 spiny rays (6*: 11); D2 1 spiny and 11 articulated rays (1+11*: 11); anal fin 1 spiny and 10 articulated rays (1+10*: 11); pectoral fin 19–22 articulated rays (19: 1, 20: 5, 21*: 4, 22: 1); dorsalmost rays of pectoral fin within fin membrane; pelvic disc 1 spiny and 5 articulated rays on each side (1+5*: 11); caudal fin 16– 17 segmented rays (16: 1, 17*: 10), 14–15 of them branched (14*: 10, 15: 2). Second to fourth spiny rays of D1 longest; second spiny ray of D1 extremely elongated in males, depressed reaching to end of D2 base; depressed third dorsal spiny ray reaching approximately to half of D2 base. Pelvic disc complete (oval-shaped) with welldeveloped anterior membrane (frenum) that extends over approximately 75% of first (spinous) ray; lobes distinct but narrow and pointed. Squamation. Scales in lateral series 24–27 (24: 1, 25*: 3, 26: 3, 27: 3); transversal series 8–12 (8: 3; 9*: 3, 11: 1, 12: 1). Entire trunk covered by large scales; including breast, base of pectoral fin and sides of predorsal area where a narrow band of scales runs anteriorly from origin of D1 to above opercle. Single transversal row of scales directly in front of D1 (Figs. 4, 5). Otherwise predorsal area, nape, cheek and opercle naked; scales on trunk reach base of D2, but not base of D1, with narrow scaleless band on both sides of D1 that extends posteriorly to origin of D2. Dentition. The premaxillary teeth arranged in an outer row of distinctly larger canine teeth and 5–6 inner rows of small conical teeth; on dentary some teeth of anteriormost row enlarged and caniniform, followed by series of 5– 6 intermediate rows of small conical teeth and an innermost row of enlarged teeth. Gill-rakers (holotype). Seven short, stout gill-rakers on ceratobranchial bone, all of about same size; each gillraker with few (2–4) tiny denticles on its tip; no gill-rakers on epibranchial bone. Vertebrae. Total number 28; 11 precaudal and 17 caudal, including urostyle. Body proportions. Presented in table 2. Head lateral line system (Fig. 5). Anterior and posterior oculoscapular canals complete with pores (from anterior to posterior) B, C (unpaired), D (unpaired), E, F, G, H and K and L respectively. Preopercular canal with pores (from dorsal to ventral) M, N and O; these pores larger than pores of other head canals. Rows and number of neuromasts (sensory papillae) given in table 1. Generally, a high number of papillae in most neuromast rows. Coloration (preserved in ethanol). Body pale fawn and brown; head, except nape, darker than trunk; lips not distinctly darker than head; neuromasts (sensory papillae) dark brown; margin of scale pockets dark brown, yielding a reticulated pattern. Two large brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline below center of first and of anterior half of second dorsal fin, respectively; no dark patches at bases of dorsal fins; brownish marking at origin of caudal fin faint; pectoral fin with distinct dark brown vertical band on its base, otherwise, like pelvic fins, uniformly dusky greyish; first dorsal and anal fins light dusky greyish; second dorsal fin with faint oblique stripes; caudal fin yellowish with 6–7 distinct dark vertical bands (Fig. 6). Etymology. From the Latin word laureatus meaning crowned with a laurel. The name refers to the shape of the scaled areas in the predorsal region. Distribution and habitat. So far Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. is only known from the type localities off Angola and from São Tomé and Príncipe, off the island of São Tomé. Specimens were dredged on upper slope of the continental shelf from 109– 57 m depth on soft bottom. Remarks. Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. differs distinctly from other species of the genus in the following specific characters (also see table 3 for an additional character matrix). Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. and Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. differ in: (1) squamation of nape and predorsal area (sides of nape and predorsal area scaled vs. naked) (Figs. 3, 5, 7); (2) pattern of head neuromast lateral line system (distance between both rows half-length of row g or less vs. distance between rows g and h as least as long as row g; rows 6i and 6s opposite to each other vs. row 6i originates anterior to 6s); coloration (preserved) of (3) nape and predorsal area (no spots on nape and predorsal area vs. with pale spots in a reticulate pattern over dark ground laterally extending on dorsal part of opercle) (Figs. 3, 5); of (4) pectoral fin (dark band on base of pectoral fin vs. no dark vertical band on dorsal half of pectoral fin base) (Figs. 2, 4, 6); of (5) caudal fin (with six to seven distinct dark vertical bands vs. uniformly dusky greyish) (Figs. 2, 6). Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. and Thorogobius angolensis differ in: (1) squamation of nape and predorsal area (only sides of nape and/or of predorsal area with narrow band of scales vs. predorsal area and nape completely covered with scales) (Fig. 7); (2) squamation of opercle (no scales on dorsal part of opercle vs. scales on dorsal part of opercle); (3) scales in lateral midline (24–27 vs. 28–31); (4) gap between neuromast rows g and h (short vs. distinct); (5) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows, e.g. neuromast row i1 (9–12 vs.19–25) and row i2 (9– 11 vs. 12–26); (6) length of row r2 (long, anteriorly passing row s3 and reaching upper lip vs. short, anteriorly not passing supraorbital row s2 and distant to upper lip); (7) coloration (preserved) of trunk (pale fawn to brownish with five brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline from below first dorsal fin to caudal peduncle vs. pale fawn to brownish with two brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline below rear of first dorsal and center of second dorsal fin); (8) dark vertical bands on caudal fin (6–7, first not more distinct than following bands vs. 6, first much darker than following); (9) dark blotch in pectoral fin (anteriorly on dorsal half of pectoral fin vs. pectoral fin uniformly dusky greyish). Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. and Thorogobius ephippiatus differ in: (1) scales in lateral midline (24–27 vs. 33–42); (2) lobe of pectoral fin and sides of nape and predorsal area (scaled vs. naked) (Fig. 7); (3) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); (4) neuromast rows g and h (long vs. short); (5) coloration (preserved) of body (uniformly brownish vs. covered with brown spots and blotches); (6) habitat preference (offshore between 57 and 165 m on soft bottom vs. inshore in 6–60 m on sandy areas of rocky shores, also cave dwelling); (7) distribution (off Angola and from São Tomé and Príncipe, off the island of São Tomé vs. Norwegian Sea to Canary Islands). Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. and Thorogobius macrolepis differ in: (1) number of pectoral fin rays (19–21 vs. 17–18); (2) lobe of pectoral fin and sides of nape and predorsal area (scaled vs. naked) (Fig. 7); (3) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows, e.g. r1 (11–19 vs. 5–8), r2 (9–23 vs. 4–8), 2 (13–20 vs. 7–12), 3 (15–22 vs. 8– 11), 4 (16–27 vs. 9–13), 5s (8–15 vs. 3–6), b (20–27 vs. 11–17), e1 (32–46 vs. 24–29), e2 (34–44 vs. 20–30), f (17– 31 vs. 10–15), as1 (14 vs. 7–11); (4) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); (5) neuromast rows g and h (long vs. short); (6) coloration (preserved) of body (uniformly brownish vs. covered with pale spots and blotches); (7) habitat preference (offshore between 57 and 165 m on soft bottom vs. inshore in 6–60 m on sandy areas of rocky shores, also cave dwelling); (8) distribution (off Angola and from São Tomé and Príncipe, off the island of São Tomé vs. from the Mediterranean). Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. and Thorogobius rofeni differ in: (1) squamation of nape and predorsal area (sides of nape and predorsal area scaled vs. naked) (Fig. 7); (2) scales in lateral midline (24–27 vs. 30–31); (3) neuromast rows tr and trp (present vs. absent); (4) number of neuromasts in head neuromast rows, e.g. r1 (11–19 vs. 5–8), r2 (9–23 vs. 5–8), m (7–13 vs. 4–8), h (20–31 vs. 12–17), as1 (14 vs. 10–13), la1 (8 vs. 5–7), la2 (6–8 vs. 4–5); (5) body deeper and wider (18.9–23.8% and 11.2–14.4% vs. 15.4–17.2% and 8.1–9.7% in SL); (6) caudal peduncle deeper (10.9–13.7% vs. 9.1–9.8% in SL); (7) upper jaw longer (41.8–58.0% vs. 33.0–37.2% in head length); (8) coloration (preserved) of trunk (two large brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline below center of first and of anterior half of second dorsal fin, respectively vs. no blotches).Published as part of Sauberer, Michael, Iwamoto, Tomio & Ahnelt, Harald, 2018, Two new deep-water species of the genus Thorogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the upper continental slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic, pp. 357-371 in Zootaxa 4429 (2) on pages 366-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/128391
Schindleria Giltay 1934
No full textClassification of Schindleria In the classification of Schindleriidae as a junior synonym of Gobiidae we follow Thacker (2009), a view adopted by several authors (Gill & Mooi 2010; Betancur-R et al. 2017). Six nominal species of Schindler’s fishes are documented, four from the Pacific and two from the Indian Ocean (Red Sea) (Ahnelt & Sauberer 2018). But the number of species is obviously underestimated. Kon et al. (2007, 2011) found more than 30 cryptic species just in the western Pacific. Separation of these extremely paedomorphic species based on morphological characters is challenging (Kon et al. 2007; Ahnelt & Sauberer 2018; Ahnelt 2019). The most striking difference between the first described species of Schindleria, S. praematura (Schindler 1930) and S. pietschmanni (Schindler 1931), was the relative positions of the dorsal and anal fins: in S. praematura the origin of the dorsal fin is well in advance of the origin of the anal fin, while in S. pietschmanni the origin of the dorsal fin is just above the origin of the anal fin (Schindler 1930; 1931; Johnson & Brothers 1993). Subsequently most authors followed this character and consequently named specimens from their samples either S. praematura or S. pietschmanni depending on the relative fin position. We checked 49 publications (72 records) which reported findings of Schindler’s fishes (Table 1). Excluding those publications which formally described a species (n = 6), the remaining 43 studies comprised 65 records of Schindleria. In 41 of these records the specimens were identified as S. praematura, in 14 as S. pietschmanni and in two as S. brevipinguis. Eight of the records were not assigned to a species and were identified as Schindleria sp. or Schindleriidae. In the light of high endemism and a large number of cryptic species (Kon et al. 2007, 2011; Bogorodsky & Randall 2019) it is unlikely that all these documented records of Schindler’s fishes belong to one of these two species. Randall (2007) concluded that S. praematura and S. pietschmanni are endemic for the Hawaiian Islands. It will require a series of integrative studies including ecology, genetics and morphology just to get an overview of the number of species of Schindleria, which possibly number several dozen. Species with very distinct morphological characters like S. brevipinguis (tiny and toothless) or S. macrodentata (relatively large, with few, but large teeth, last procurrent spine with extra spiny process) may be formally distinguished and may well prove to be valid species. Therefore, we preliminarily attribute all published records (Table 1), including those of the Dana-Expedition, to two morphotypes (see below).Published as part of Ahnelt, Harald & Sauberer, Michael, 2020, Deep-water, offshore, and new records of Schindler's fishes, Schindleria (Teleostei, Gobiidae), from the Indo-west Pacific collected during the Dana-Expedition, 1928 - 1930, pp. 451-470 in Zootaxa 4731 (4) on pages 452-453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/366188
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Die Syntax der "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" von N. M. Karamzin
No full textN.M. Karamzin's "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" (hereinafter PRP) occupy a special place in the history of Russian language and literature. Since their publication as a continuation novel in "Moskovskiy Žurnal" from 1791-1792 (in the following MŽ 1) they are considered both the first realization of the "novyj slog" (new language / new style) as well as the beginning of Russian sentimentalism. Both assumptions are controversial. The present work should contribute to the clarification of contentious questions by providing a detailed description of the syntactic facts in the main work of Karamzin for the first time.N. M. Karamzins "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" (im folgenden PRP) nehmen in der Geschichte der russischen Sprache und Literatur einen besonderen Platz ein. Seit ihrem Erscheinen als Fortsetzungsroman im "Moskovskij Žurnal" von 1791-1792 (im folgenden MŽ 1) gelten sie sowohl als erste Realisierung des "novyj slog" (neue Sprache/neuer Stil) als auch als Beginn des russischen Sentimentalismus. Beide Annahmen sind umstritten. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll hier insofern einen Beitrag zur Klärung strittiger Fragen leisten, als sie erstmals eine detaillierte Beschreibung der syntaktischen Tatsachen im Hauptwerk Karamzins liefert
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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