1,720,956 research outputs found
The Comparison of Kibbutz Productivity to National Statistics: Analysis and Remarks
Get PDFThis study examines conceptual problems in measuring product and disposable income of the kibbutz and in comparing them with the relevant national data. The inquiry was prompted by Kroll and Polovin’s paper in this Journal (1997), in which the authors found that per capita product and disposable income of the kibbutz are significantly lower than the national average in Israel. To carry out the analysis, we develop a formal-conceptual model of a national economy which consists of several sectors. Using this model it is shown that the “terms of trade†between the sectors – and the income transfers involved – have a marked effect on the per capita income in each sector, independent of its own productivity. In particular, two downward accounting biases may account for the results of Kroll and Polovin, regarding the kibbutz economy: the “interest effect†and the “tax effectâ€. We hope that this analysis will contribute to a better understanding of this issue, and also – more generally – to the national accounting theory.National income and accounting, interest payments and debt financing, income tax, kibbutz, Productivity Analysis,
The Comparison of Kibbutz Productivity to National Statistics: Analysis and Remarks
Get PDFThis study examines conceptual problems in measuring product and disposable
income of the kibbutz and in comparing them with the relevant
national data. The inquiry was prompted by Kroll and Polovin’s paper in
this Journal (1997), in which the authors found that per capita product and
disposable income of the kibbutz are significantly lower than the national
average in Israel. To carry out the analysis, we develop a formal-conceptual
model of a national economy which consists of several sectors. Using this
model it is shown that the “terms of trade” between the sectors – and the
income transfers involved – have a marked effect on the per capita income
in each sector, independent of its own productivity. In particular, two
downward accounting biases may account for the results of Kroll and
Polovin, regarding the kibbutz economy: the “interest effect” and the “tax
effect”. We hope that this analysis will contribute to a better understanding
of this issue, and also – more generally – to the national accounting theory
Relative Deprivation in the Kibbutz Economy: An Exploration of the Concepts of Equality and Equity.
No full textThis study explores the equity characteristics of the ideal kibbutz economy, which maintains an equal distribution of income, or the egalitarian, principle. In general, it was found that the equity claim of the kibbutz is upheld both within the 'distribution of income' framework and within 'Varian's problem' of distributive and productive justice. However, this is not necessarily true within the more complicated 'Homans's problem,' where relative deprivation may exist, affecting equity and efficiency in the kibbutz. Copyright 1996 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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