1,721,093 research outputs found
A survey of stress levels and time spent across law enforcement duties: Police chief and officer agreement
No full textHealth issues are commonly reported by law enforcement officers (LEOs) and often associated with stress. This study is the first to investigate the time spent and perceived stress encountered across the diverse variety of LEO activities. We developed a questionnaire to assess an average police officer's experience across 22 different duties. We then conducted two independent national surveys: one of police chiefs' views of their typical officer and the other of frontline officers' personal perspectives. Police chiefs and frontline officers perceived the same duties as the most stressful (e.g. suspect pursuit, witnessing traumatic events and physical altercations) and least stressful (e.g. certain routine duties). Additionally, chiefs' and frontline officers' absolute and relative stress rankings of all 22 duties were strikingly similar (Spearman's rho 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.99). Moreover, chiefs and frontline officers estimated very similar relative annual durations of duty-specific exposures for frontline officers (rho: 0.91, 95% CI 0.74-0.98, P<0.0001)
Law enforcement duties and sudden cardiac death among police officers in United States: case distribution study
Full text linkObjective: To assess the association between risk of sudden cardiac death and stressful law enforcement duties compared with routine/non-emergency duties. Design: Case distribution study (case series with survey information on referent exposures). Setting: United States law enforcement. Participants: Summaries of deaths of over 4500 US police officers provided by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund and the Officer Down Memorial Page from 1984 to 2010. Main outcome measures Observed and expected sudden cardiac death counts and relative risks for sudden cardiac death events during specific strenuous duties versus routine/non-emergency activities. Independent estimates of the proportion of time that police officers spend across various law enforcement duties obtained from surveys of police chiefs and front line officers. Impact of varying exposure assessments, covariates, and missing cases in sensitivity and stability analyses. Results: 441 sudden cardiac deaths were observed during the study period. Sudden cardiac death was associated with restraints/altercations (25%, n=108), physical training (20%, n=88), pursuits of suspects (12%, n=53), medical/rescue operations (8%, n=34), routine duties (23%, n=101), and other activities (11%, n=57). Compared with routine/non-emergency activities, the risk of sudden cardiac death was 34-69 times higher during restraints/altercations, 32-51 times higher during pursuits, 20-23 times higher during physical training, and 6-9 times higher during medical/rescue operations. Results were robust to all sensitivity and stability analyses. Conclusions: Stressful law enforcement duties are associated with a risk of sudden cardiac death that is markedly higher than the risk during routine/non-emergency duties. Restraints/altercations and pursuits are associated with the greatest risk. Our findings have public health implications and suggest that primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention efforts are needed among law enforcement officers.Version of Recor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
[講演に対するコメント]オープン・サイテーションが学術情報流通に与えるインパクトと日本でオープン・サイテーションを促進するために<2019年度 京都大学図書館機構講演会「オープン・サイテーションと機関リポジトリの展開」>
Full text link会期・会場: 2019年5月20日(月)13:30-17:00 : 京都大学附属図書館3階 ライブラリホール主催: 京都大学図書館機構. 共催: 京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所・東南アジア研究の国際共同研究「東南アジア地域研究資料のオープン・サイエンス化に向けたとりくみ」/国立大学図書館協会近畿地区協会. 協賛: 大学図書館近畿イニシアティ
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The State of Open Access in Japan: An Analysis Using Unpaywall
Full text link情報知識学会誌にて投稿受付保留中(2020.03.30)情報知識学会誌にて投稿受付(2020.05.15)本稿はUnpaywallを利用して日本と世界のオープンアクセス(OA)状況を調査した. 日本の調査ではUnpaywallとScopusに収録されている日本の著者による雑誌論文約200万件, 世界の調査ではUnpaywallに収録されている雑誌論文約8, 000万件を対象とした. 結果, 日本と世界のOAの割合はそれぞれ41.83%, 29.88%であることがわかった. 日本の割合の高さの要因は, 過去に出版された論文の多くがブロンズであることである. 近年の傾向としてゴールドの割合の上昇が観察された. 機関リポジトリで公開されている論文の割合は2000年から2010年にかけて増加しているものの, 2010年以降は横ばいで約5%である. 機関リポジトリのみでOAである論文の割合は約1.5%である. グリーンOAを効率よく推進するためにも, 各機関がそれぞれのOAの状況を継続的に把握できるような仕組みが必要である.This article investigates the state of Open Access (OA) in Japan and the world using a dataset provided by Unpaywall. The analysis covers two million articles for Japan and 80 million articles for the world. We find that percentages of OA articles in Japan and the world are 41.83% and 29.88%, respectively. A reason for the high per centage of Japan is that many articles published a long time ago are bronze. As a trend in recent years, the analysis reveals the percentage of gold has been increased. Regarding the contribution of institutional repositories (IRs) to OA, we observe the percentage of articles available in IRs has been increased from 2000 to 2010. However, the percentage has been flat at 5% since 2010. The percentage of articles that are OA only in IRs is 1.5%. To promote green OA efficiently, it is required to enable each institution to grasp its state of OA by e.g., developing a system that continuously provides the state of OA for each institution
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