17 research outputs found
Effect of surface modification on the In vitro protein adsorption and cell cytotoxicity of vinorelbine nanoparticles
No full textContext: Nanocarriers possessing long-circulating abilities could take advantage of the pathophysiology of tumor vasculature to achieve spatial placement. To attain such qualities, the drug carriers should possess suitable physicochemical properties such as size and surface hydrophilicity. Aim: The aim of this study was to prepare poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with vinorelbine bitartrate (VB) and to modify its steric properties using polyethylene glycol and poloxamer. Furthermore, the influence of surface modification of NPs on their physicochemical and cell interactive properties was evaluated. Materials and Methods: NPs were prepared by double emulsion solvent extraction–evaporation technique. The prepared NPs were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in vitro protein adsorption and cell cytotoxicity. Results and Discussion: The NPs were <250 nm with an entrapment efficiency ranging between 40% and 52%. The zeta potential of the NPs varied from −7.52 mV to −1.27 mV depending on the surface modification. The in vitro release studies exhibited a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release followed by controlled release of the drug over 72 h. The protein adsorption studies revealed that the ability to resist protein adsorption was influenced by the concentration of surface-modifying agents and the amount of proteins available for interaction. The surface-modified NPs produced cell cytotoxicity comparable to free VB at higher concentrations owing to sustained release of the drug into the cellular environment. Conclusion: The results emphasize that surface modification of nanocarriers is an essential and effective tool to dodge opsonization and phagocytosis in the physiological milieu
Liver transplantation: Advances and perioperative care
No full textLiver transplantation is one of the treatments for many-life threatening liver diseases. Numerous advances in liver transplant surgery, anaesthesia and perioperative care have allowed for an increasing number of these procedures. The purpose of this review is to consider some of the important advances in perioperative care of liver transplant patients such as pre-operative evaluation, intraoperative monitoring and management and early extubation. A PubMed and EMBASE search of terms "Anaesthesia" and "Liver Transplantation" were performed with filters of articles in "English", "Adult" and relevant recent publications of randomised control trial, editorial, systemic review and non-systemic review were selected and synthesized according to the author′s personal and professional perspective in the field of liver transplantation and anaesthesia. The article outlines strategies in organ preservation, training and transplant database for further research
Entanglements of creative agency and digital technology : a sociomaterial study of computer game development
Get PDFDigital technology, with its distinctive characteristics that result from the fundamental process of digitalization that underpins it, is seen as fundamentally altering processes of creativity. However, we currently have limited understanding of creativity in relation to the development of digital technology. Computer game development, with its combination of esthetic, affective and cultural use features and highly sophisticated digital technologies, is a valuable setting for investigating these issues. In this paper, we explore how computer games are shaped through the interplay between the creative intentions of developers and the digital technologies involved in their production and playing. Drawing on in-depth studies conducted at three leading computer game development studios and a leading producer of the software system used in game development, this paper shows how the game developers' creative ideas for imagined novel game-playing experiences relate to a) the development of relevant digital technologies, and b) the emergence of new game development practices. The article goes on to propose a view of creativity as an on-going flow that, following an initial ‘creative impulse’, ripples through the sociomaterial entanglements of a particular setting, reconfiguring them in the process and spreading out in time and space in often unexpected ways
Influence of surface charge on the in vitro protein adsorption and cell cytotoxicity of paclitaxel loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles
No full textOptimization of paclitaxel loaded poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles using Box Behnken design
No full textOptimization is a critical process in the development of nanoparticles to apprehend the formulation variables and quality attributes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of formulation variables viz., drug/polymer ratio (A), surfactant concentration (B) and ratio of volume of internal to external phase (C) on the dependent variables (particle size, % EE and zeta potential) of paclitaxel loaded poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles using Box-Behnken design. The nanoparticles were fabricated using emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The generated polynomial equations, contour plots and response surface plots of the design space were used to analyze the relationship between independent variables and the observed response. An optimal batch was formulated with selected variables (A: +1 level, B: 0 level, C: â1 level) and the prepared nanoparticles were found to have particle size 215.6 µm, zeta potential â7.52 mV and % drug entrapment 86.78%. The observed responses are in close agreement with the predicted values. NPs were spherical with a smooth surface as revealed by morphological studies and the drug-polymer compatibility was established using FTIR and thermal analysis. The drug was released from the NPs in a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release (32.1 %) followed by sustained release (53 %) at the end of 5 d. The in vitro cell cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 cells showed that the NPs held superior tumor inhibition ability. The results encourage the application of Box-Behnken design for the optimization of critical variables and fabrication of nanoparticles with desirable properties for drug delivery. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Poly (ε-caprolactone), Box-Behnken design, Optimization, Characterizatio
Influence of surface charge on the in vitro protein adsorption and cell cytotoxicity of paclitaxel loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles
No full textThe biokinetic fate of polymeric nanoparticles in the physiological milieu is strongly influenced by its properties such as size, surface charge and surface affinity. The electrostatic properties of the polymeric nanoparticles and, thereby, the reliant properties such as cellular interactions, reactivity and toxicity, can be tailored by modulating the surface charge. Therefore, the present study aimed at studying the influence of surface charge on the physicochemical properties, in vitro protein adsorption and cell cytotoxicity of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs). Paclitaxel loaded PCL nanoparticles were obtained by emulsion solvent evaporation extraction technique and differently charged using ionic surfactants. The NPs were characterized for size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment and release. In vitro protein adsorption and cytotoxicity of NPs with different surface charge was investigated. The prepared NPs were rounded with a smooth surface and had a particle size less than 250 nm with narrow distribution and high entrapment efficiency (>80%). The zeta potential of the particles varied between â22 mV and +16 mV depending on its composition. The in vitro protein adsorption studies revealed that positively charged NPs adsorbed more proteins than other formulations. The cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 cells exhibited that positively charged NPs engender the highest cell inhibition due to preferential uptake based on electrostatic interactions with cell membranes. The results suggest that surface charge could be undeniably significant in determining the protein adsorption and cellular interactions and must be intently considered during the design of colloidal particles to impart better performance in the physiological system. Keywords: Poly(ε-caprolactone), Nanoparticles, Surface charge, Protein adsorption, Cytotoxicit
Optimization of paclitaxel loaded poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles using Box Behnken design
No full textAwareness of Plagiarism among Student Teachers of Indian Teacher Educational Institutions
Get PDFToday, the Internet is a rich source of study materials, and Google Scholar offers free access to a large number of scientific articles. There are excellent research publications available in many more databases. Students have the option of easily copying the material. Reusing, paraphrasing, patchwriting, and ghostwriting without citing the original documents are plagiarism. Plagiarism is increasing in academics, particularly in research. This study aims to study the awareness of plagiarism and to analyze the reasons for plagiarism. The study samples are the student teachers in India. For this study, we used a survey method, and the author prepared a questionnaire to collect data from the student teachers. Study respondents are the student teachers of the Regional Institute of Education Mysore; Purposive sampling was used to select samples. The total number of study respondents is 207. The findings of the study revealed that over 70 per cent of respondents mentioned reasons for plagiarism as lack of relevant literature studying, lack of preparation and time, difficulty checking every piece of work, do not know the manual citation style, lack of knowledge about bibliographic management software and also they stated that getting easily available materials on the internet is also a reason for plagiarism. The study recommends that teachers teach or conduct awareness programs on plagiarism, avoiding plagiarism, citation style, and software
Awareness of Plagiarism among Student Teachers of Indian Teacher Educational Institutions
Get PDFToday, the Internet is a rich source of study materials, and Google Scholar offers free access to a large number of scientific articles. There are excellent research publications available in many more databases. Students have the option of easily copying the material. Reusing, paraphrasing, patchwriting, and ghostwriting without citing the original documents are plagiarism. Plagiarism is increasing in academics, particularly in research. This study aims to study the awareness of plagiarism and to analyze the reasons for plagiarism. The study samples are the student teachers in India. For this study, we used a survey method, and the author prepared a questionnaire to collect data from the student teachers. Study respondents are the student teachers of the Regional Institute of Education Mysore; Purposive sampling was used to select samples. The total number of study respondents is 207. The findings of the study revealed that over 70 per cent of respondents mentioned reasons for plagiarism as lack of relevant literature studying, lack of preparation and time, difficulty checking every piece of work, do not know the manual citation style, lack of knowledge about bibliographic management software and also they stated that getting easily available materials on the internet is also a reason for plagiarism. The study recommends that teachers teach or conduct awareness programs on plagiarism, avoiding plagiarism, citation style, and software
