27 research outputs found
Corrigendum: Coral reefs of Pakistan: a comprehensive review of anthropogenic threats, climate change, and conservation status
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list, and author Pu Guo was erroneously excluded as co-first author. The corrected author list appears below. “Ishfaq Ahmad1,2†, Pu Guo1†, Mei-Xia Zhao1,3*, Yu Zhong1, Xiao-Yun Zheng1,2, Shu-Qi Zhang1,2, Jian-Wen Qiu4,5, Qi Shi1, Hong-Qiang Yan1, Shi-Chen Tao1 and Li-Jia Xu6†These authors share first authorship” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Copyright © 2024 Ahmad, Guo, Zhao, Zhong, Zheng, Zhang, Qiu, Shi, Yan, Tao and Xu
Selection of Optimum Renewable Energy Source for Energy Sector in Pakistan by Using MCDM Approach
No full textSystems Engineering in the B&U: Research into what lessons can be learned from the Systems Engineering method in the GWW-sector
No full textCivil Engineering and GeosciencesStructural EngineeringConstruction Management and Engineerin
Benefits of Lumbar Facet Joint Block For Persistent Backache After Lumbar Discectomy An Analysis of 58 Patients
Get PDFObject: The author evaluated the effectiveness of using facet joint block with local anesthetic agents and steroid medication for the treatment of persistent low-back pain in a medium-sized series of patients who underwent lower lumbar disc surgery.
Methods: Over a period of 2 years, the author performed 130 facet joint injections in 58 patients with persistent low-back pain after lumbar discectomies at L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 levels in Combined Military Hospital Rawal-pindi. All of the 21 women and 37 men (mean age 44 years, range 23 to 68) entered into the trial had low back pain for over one month localised to one side with tenderness and local muscle spasm over the facet joints. All had a negative straight-leg-raising test but 17 had slight pain radiating into the posterior thigh on the same side where surgery was performed. The main parameter for the success or failure of this treatment was the relief of the pain. For the first injection mainly a diagnostic procedure the author used a local anesthetic (1 ml bupivacaine 1%). In cases of good response, Depomedral 80 mg was injected in a second session to achieve a longer-lasting effect. Long-lasting relief of the low-back pain was reported by 43 patients (74%) during a mean follow-up period of 10 months. Nine patients (15.2%) noticed a general improvement in their pain. Six patients (10%), however, experienced no improvement of pain at all. There were no cases of infection or hematoma.
Conclusions: Lumbar facet joint block is a minimally invasive procedure to treat facet joint pain in post discec-tomy period. The procedure also seems to be useful for distinguishing between facet joint pain from postoperative pain due to inappropriate neural decompression after lumbar surgery
Can Pakistan replicate the Sri Lankan Counterinsurgency Model used successfully against the Tamil Tigers in its own against insurgents?
No full textInitially, the paper highlights the characteristics adopted in the Sri Lankan counterinsurgency model that was used successfully against the Liberation of Tamil Eelam. The paper aims to ascertain whether it is feasible for Pakistan to apply the model against it insurgent group – Tehreek e Taliban Pakistan. The paper analyses whether Pakistan can reproduce the Sri Lankan model by taking into consideration Pakistan’s environment; kind of insurgency threat; history; politics; allies; and capability of armed forces etcetera. After analysis, it becomes evident that due to certain differences and in both countries’ scenarios and insurgency types, it is simplistic to state that Pakistan should copy the Sri Lankan modus operandi. However, the paper suggests takeaways that need to be appreciated and applied, from the Sri Lankan experience. It is concluded that Pakistan should continue Zarb e Azb; learn lessons from Sri Lanka; and create a “Pakistani model” that is familiar with the country’s needs
Lumbar Discectomy Using Lagenbech Retractor, A Cost Effective Minimally Invasive Technique. Study of 520 Cases
Get PDFObjective: Conventional disc surgeries though have good results, may result in subsequent damage due to trauma to erector spinae, ligaments and bones.
Materials & Methods: A total of 520 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy were studied. 388 were male and 132 were female. The mean age in this study was 35 years. Only patients with symptomatic posterolateral disc prolapse were included in the study. All patients were investigated with MRI or CT scan of lumbar spine. Only ten patients were investigated with myelography. The followup period was up to two years. Oswestry Disability Index of low backpain disability was also used as specific parameter in some of the cases.
Results: Overall success rate for pain relief was 93.8%. Only 13% had occasional pain on exertion. The hospital stay was < 2 days. The most common complication was recurrent sciatica (5.7%), and these patients reported within six to eight months postoperatively. Other complications encountered were operation on wrong level (1.34%) discitis (0.76%), dural tear (0.19%), nerve root injury (0.19%) and failed back syndrome (2.30%).
Conclusion: Author concludes that lumbar discectomy performed through a small (< 2.0 cm) incision using manual retraction with Lagenbech retractor, headlight and magnifying loupes is a safe and cost effective procedure with distinct advantages such as reduced hospital stay, minimal post-operative pain, early mobilization and good alternative to conventional laminectomy/discectomy procedures. 
مختار صدیقی کی شاعری کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textMukhtar Siddiqui was a poet of multiple geniuses. He used each word of its verses by judging its melodious worth and lines as if a painter. Some of his poems portray the image of a dancing girl by its form and style. His selection of words, modes of applying musical orchestra and philosophical approach with a soft and humble tone made him a singular poet.In this article the author has not only analyzed Mukhtar Siddiqui's total poetical works but highlighted the delicacies, which may transform a creation, a composition into art form
GERMAN TEXTILE RECYCLING BENCHMARKING Case I: CO
Get PDFtechnology and the recycling process is analyzed. Therefore, because of the origin of countries and total population of countries every country has its own textile recycling approaches. In order to investigate different textile recycling processes German recycling technology is the main focus in thesis to make a development plan for Finnish textile recycling. This is the part of project with the corporation of HAMK and VIIHI project, and the commissioner of this thesis is Heikki Ruohomma, head of degree program.
In this thesis, the theoretical concept of waste management is applied. Therefore, there are many other aspects, which are taken into account regarding recycling textile technologies under the textile waste management. Waste management is the processes of collecting, transportation and processing, thus the processing technologies are applied in order to make the recycling process efficient. In order to implement and analyze, German textile recycling is benchmarked.
The main objective of the thesis is to find the possible solution and investigate, whether German textile recycling technology is possible to implement in Finland or not. I: CO German Textile recycling (Group SOEX) is providing the best technology in textile waste recycling; recently new corporation was made with H&M. Therefore, finding out valuable information for developing Finnish textile waste recycling system based on research. Furthermore, apply these developing and recommendation plans for Finnish textile recycling system. The main target of this thesis is to benchmark German textile recycling Technology. On the other hand, the advancement and making suitable plans for Finnish textile recycling business in efficient approach to apply in Finland.
The main goal of this thesis consists of target countries’ research and evaluation. Mainly the German Textile recycling system and SOEX group (I: CO). In this thesis, the data is collected from internet resources’ and some of interviewed are conducted face-to-face if applicable. Basically, the main findings are based on internet and some other resources. The author concluded possible way to implement SOEX textile recycling process in Finland, in order to undertake the current situation of textile waste in Finland, there are many other aspect like, share information in companies
Performance evaluation of SiC powder mixed electrical discharge machining: a case of wire cut mode with re-circulating molybdenum wire
No full textA review of the available literature on powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) indicates that most of the research has been done for “die sinking machining mode” whereas the “wire cut machining mode” has not received due attention despite being an important process variant. This work employs silicon carbide (SiC) powder mixed dielectric fluid for machining of AISI D2 in “wire cut” mode with re-circulating molybdenum wire (an economic and chemically stable proposition as a tool). The effect of five process parameters (powder concentration, peak current, pulse on time, nozzle flushing pressure and stand-off distance) has been evaluated on surface roughness, kerf width, material removal rate, and wire wear ratio using Taguchi’s approach followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for determining statistically significant factors at 95% confidence level. It is found that for surface roughness, higher current and low to moderate concentration levels (2 to 4g/l) deteriorate surface quality; higher values of pressure and stand-off distance are also seen to adversely affect it. For material removal rate, pulse on time as well as its interactions with powder concentration and current, are statistically significant. A higher pulse on with smaller and moderate powder concentrations (2g/l and 4g/l) reduces MRR. For the wire wear ratio, the current is the sole significant factor (PCR of ~65%). SEM analysis of the machined workpiece for the maximum MRR condition quantifies the recast layer as ~19microns. An indirect comparison with the reported values for non-powdered EDM process indicates that for the similar wire (molybdenum), the use of SiC powder maintains the surface roughness and kerf values, for a much harder D2 material used in this work
TAGUCHI BASED OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS TO CONTROL SURFACE ROUGHNESS USING TiAlN-COATED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE MILLING CUTTER
Get PDFSurface roughness is one of the determinant factors that governs the quality of machined surfaces. This paper experimentally studied effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness (Ra) for end milling of AISI 1045 work piece using a TiAlN coated carbide milling cutter. Taguchi optimization method was used to determine the optimal level of three control factors, namely, the feed rate, the spindle speed and the depth of cut. Analysis of variance demonstrates that the feed rate is the most significant parameter and contributes 47% for surface roughness. Finally, the contour plots of these three parameters have been analysed to determine the optimal ranges of control factors
