182,609 research outputs found
Potability and hydrogeochemisty of the Sarma Stream water, Duzce, Turkey
No full textThe Sarma Stream is located in Turkey, southwest of the town of Akcakoca in the Duzce Province. It was decided that the Sariyayla reservoir should be built on the Sarma Stream in order to address the water needs of Akcakoca. This research was conducted in the Sarma Stream basin to determine the effects of environmental and hydrological processes. Samples of rocks, soil, stream water, rain, snowmelt and bed and suspended sediment were collected in the Sarma Stream basin. Geochemical and water chemistry analyses of the samples were performed at the ALS Global laboratories in Canada. The sandstone, which is easily weathering and rich by clay minerals, and soil samples cause the Sarma Stream to flow muddy in rainy season. The kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and clay minerals that type of chlorite is found in the bed and suspended sediments of the Sarma Stream. The water of the Sarma Stream is rich in calcium and bicarbonate, the water type is Ca-HCO3. Acid rain affects the dissolution of geological units and the abundance of principal ions. Some heavy metal and elements in the Sarma Stream basin waters exceed the drinking water limit values (e.g. Al, Fe, Mn, NH4 and NO3). Hence, water in the Sariyayla Reservoir should be treated
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On Rotation Distance of Rank Bounded Trees
No full textComputing the rotation distance between two binary trees with internalnodes efficiently (in time) is a long standing open question in thestudy of height balancing in tree data structures. In this paper, we initiatethe study of this problem bounding the rank of the trees given at the input(defined by Ehrenfeucht and Haussler (1989) in the context of decision trees).We define the rank-bounded rotation distance between two given binary trees and (with internal nodes) of rank at most , denoted by, as the length of the shortest sequence of rotations thattransforms to with the restriction that the intermediate trees mustbe of rank at most . We show that the rotation distance problem reduces inpolynomial time to the rank bounded rotation distance problem. This motivatesthe study of the problem in the combinatorial and algorithmic frontiers.Observing that trees with rank coincide exactly with skew trees (binarytrees where every internal node has at least one leaf as a child), we show thefollowing results in this frontier : We present an time algorithm for computing . That is,when the given trees are skew trees (we call this variant as skew rotationdistance problem) - where the intermediate trees are restricted to be skew aswell. In particular, our techniques imply that for any two skew trees. We show the following upper bound : for any two trees and of rankat most and respectively, we have that: where . This bound is asymptoticallytight for . En route our proof of the above theorems, we associate binary trees topermutations and bivariate polynomials, and prove several characterizations inthe case of skew trees.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, Abstract shortened to meet arxiv requirements, accepted journal versio
Effects of oxidation agents and metal ions on binding of p53 to supercoiled DNA
No full textWild type human full length (f.l.) tumor suppressor p53 protein binds preferentially to supercoiled
(sc) DNA in vitro both in the presence and absence of the p53 consensus sequence (p53CON). This binding produces a ladder of retarded bands on the agarose gel. Bands revealed by immunoblotting with antibody DO-1 corresponded to the ethidium stained retarded bands. The intensity and the number of bands of p53-scDNA complex were decreased by physiological concentrations of unchelated zinc ions. Nickel and cobalt ions inhibited binding of p53 to scDNA and to p53CON in linear DNA fragments less efficiently than zinc. Compared to the intrinsic zinc strongly bound to Cys 176, Cys 238, Cys 242 and His 179 in the p53 core domain, binding of additional Zn2+ to p53 was much weaker as shown by an easy removal of the latter ions by low concentrations of EDTA. Oxidation of the protein with diamide resulted in a decrease of the number of the retarded bands. Under the same conditions, no binding of oxidized p53 to p53CON in a linear DNA fragment was observed. In agreement with the literature oxidation of f.l. p53 with diamide was irreversible and was not reverted by an excess of DTT. We showed that in the presence of 0.1 mM zinc ions, oxidation of p53 became reversible. Other divalent cations tested (cadmium, cobalt, nickel) exhibited no such effect. We suggested that the irreversibility of p53 oxidation was due, at least in part, to the removal of intrinsic zinc from its position in the DNA binding domain (after oxidation of the three cysteines to which the zinc ion is coordinated in the reduced protein) accompanied by a change in the p53 conformation. Binding of C-terminal anti-p53 antibody also protected bacterially expressed protein against irreversible loss of activity due to diamide oxidation. Binding the human p53 core domain (segment 94-312) to scDNA greatly differed from that observed with the full-length p53. The core domain did not posses the ability to bind strongly to many sites in scDNA regardless of the presence or absence of p53CON suggesting involvement of some other domain (probably C-terminal) in binding of the full-length p53 to scDNA. Supershift experiments using antibodies against p53 N- or C-terminus suggested that in oxidized p53, scDNA binding through the C-terminus gained importance
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans
No full textBACKGROUND: Sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the Middle Eastern and South-Eastern European cuisines. Although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. The aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of Turkey and the Balkans. Methods: Field studies were conducted during broader ethnobotanical surveys, as well as during ad-hoc investigations between the years 2011 and 2014 that included diverse rural communities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Primary ethnobotanical and folkloric literatures in each country were also considered. Results: Eighty-seven botanical taxa, mainly wild, belonging to 50 genera and 27 families, were found to represent the bio-cultural heritage of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. The greatest plant biodiversity in sarma was found in Turkey and, to less extent, in Bulgaria and Romania. The most commonly used leaves for preparing sarma were those of cabbage (both fresh and lacto-fermented), grape vine, beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, lime tree, bean, and spinach. In a few cases, the leaves of endemic species (Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and R. olympicus in Turkey) were recorded. Other uncommon sarma preparations were based on lightly toxic taxa, such as potato leaves in NE Albania, leaves of Arum, Convolvulus, and Smilax species in Turkey, of Phytolacca americana in Macedonia, and of Tussilago farfara in diverse countries. Moreover, the use of leaves of the introduced species Reynoutria japonica in Romania, Colocasia esculenta in Turkey, and Phytolacca americana in Macedonia shows the dynamic nature of folk cuisines. Conclusion: The rich ethnobotanical diversity of sarma confirms the urgent need to record folk culinary plant knowledge. The results presented here can be implemented into initiatives aimed at re-evaluating folk cuisines and niche food markets based on local neglected ingredients, and possibly also to foster trajectories of the avant-garde cuisines inspired by ethnobotanical knowledge
Syzygium namborense D. Dey, N. Devi & J. Sarma 2022, sp. nov.
No full textSyzygium namborense D. Dey, N. Devi & J. Sarma, sp. nov. (Figures 1–4; Table 1). Type:— INDIA. Assam: Golaghat district, Nambor Reserve Forest, Murphulani, 72m, 27 April 2019, 26 ° 22’36.53” N, 93 ° 46’55.49” E, D. Dey DDS2401 (holotype ASSAM!, isotype GUBH!). Syzygium namborense resembles S yzygium nervosum in having glabrous, chartaceous and aromatic leaves, paniculate inflorescence with second order branching, calyptrate flowers, numerous stamens and equal number of petals in the calyptra but differs in having more compressed branchlets with internodes 1.5–2 cm (versus internodes 6–7.7 cm in S.nervosum) and with up to 20 leaves (vs. up to 8 leaves), blades with acumen up to 0.6 cm (vs. up to 1 cm), strictly elliptic leaves with acuminate apex and cuneate base, greater number of lateral veins, intramarginal vein uniform along the blade, sessile yellowish white flowers with obconical hypanthium (vs. greenish white flowers with campanulate hypanthium and pedicel to 2 cm) and 20–30 ovules per locule (vs. 12–15 ovules per locule). Tree 8–15 m tall, 45–52 cm in diameter at body height. Bark coarse, olive green outside eventually turning into black, pale white inside. Branchlets terete, compressed, each with up to 20 leaves at a time, old branchlets greyish white, dry, young branchlets green, fleshy. Nodes thick, slightly angular, 1.5–2 cm apart. Leaves with petioles 1.2–2.5 cm long, the blades simple, opposite and decussate, chartaceous, glabrous, elliptic, 5–18 × 1.1–6.5 cm, cuneate at base, entire to slightly repand at margins, acuminate at apex, pellucid punctuate on both the surfaces, midrib sulcate above, raised below, secondary nerves 13–15 at each side, prominent beneath, forming intramarginal loops near the margin, acumen ca. 0.6 cm long. Inflorescences panicles, usually on leafless old twigs, axillary, 54–65-flowered, main axis 5–7 cm long, bracts minute, 0.1–0.2 cm long, caducous. Flowers yellowish white, 1–1.2 cm long, sessile, calyptrate, the calyptra 0.2 × 0.2 cm, rhombic, often persistent; hypanthium pellucid punctuate, obconical, slightly tapering towards the base, 0.4–0.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm; sepals 4, free, succulent, deciduous, deltate-prolate, rarely attached to the calyptra; petals 4, unified into a calyptra, each 0.1–0.2 cm long, orange brown at the center, white at the periphery with thin longitudinal grooves, irregularly elliptic, pellucid punctate, shortly clawed; stamens white, 60–80 per flower, 0.2–0.5 cm long, filaments slender, anther sacs parallel, dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; style 0.45 cm long, slightly bent; stigma falcate; ovary with axillary placentation; o vules 20–30 per locule. Fruits not seen. Distribution, habitat and ecology:—So far, Syzygium namborense is known only from the tropical semi-evergreen forests of Murphulani, Nambor Reserve Forest, Golaghat district and moist deciduous forests of Donkamukam, Rongkhang Reserve Forest, West Karbi Anglong district of Assam (Figure. 4). It generally grows on open areas of forest edge mostly at the base of hilltops between 71–77 m elev. During the entire survey, only two populations of the species were recorded in Assam. The first population was recorded from Nambor RF consisting of 1 matured individual while the second population was recorded from Rongkhang RF consisting of 5 individuals. Both locations are severely affected by various anthropogenic factors like logging and human settlements. The other associated plants located in the type locality (Nambor RF) were Carallia brachiata (Loureiro 1790: 296) Merrill (1919: 249), Gynocardia odorata R. Brown (1820: 95), Mangifera indica Linnaeus (1753: 200) and Syzygium cumini (Linnaeus 1753: 471) Skeels (1912: 25), whereas Syzygium nervosum, Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindley (1844: t. 19) and Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus 1759: 1205) R.M. King & H. Robinson (1970: 204) were located in the other locality (Rongkhang RF). Note:—The leaves and flowers give off a strong fruity aroma and harbor a large number of insects, especially ants. They gather around at every node in large numbers and feed on the oozing sap (Figure 2C). Phenology:—Flowering occurs from April to June. Fruits were not seen. Paratypes:— INDIA. Assam: Golaghat district, Nambor Reserve Forest, Murphulani, 72m, 27 April 2019, 26 ° 22’36.53” N, 93 ° 46’55.49” E, D. Dey DDS2403 (GUBH!); West Karbi Anglong district, Rongkhang Reserve Forest, Donkamukam, 76m, 18 August 2019, 25 ° 58’0.65” N, 92 ° 43’2.39” E, J . Sarma JS 1500 (GUBH!). Etymology:—This new species is named after the type location, Nambor Reserve Forest of Assam. Affinities:— Syzygium namborense has resemblances with Syzygium nervosum with which it is compared in the diagnosis and in Table 1.Published as part of Dey, Debolina, Sarma, Jatindra & Devi, Nilakshee, 2022, Syzygium namborense (Myrtaceae), a new species from Assam, India, pp. 133-140 in Phytotaxa 538 (2) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/633368
- …
