7 research outputs found
Milan Kundera\u27s \u27Being\u27: The Historical Significance of a Transitional Era and an Alternative Path/ মিলান কুন্দেরা-র ‘সত্তা’ : যুগসন্ধিক্ষণের ঐতিহাসিক তাৎপর্য ও এক ভিন্ন মার্গ
No full text“And What can life be worth if the first rehearsal for life is the itself?”
- The Unbearable Lightness of Being
In 1984, when ‘The Unbearable Lightness of Being’ was published, the author himself had no doubt about the title. However, his friends, translators, and publishers reportedly requested him multiple times to remove or change the final word of the title - Being. They felt that the use of the word ‘being’ in the novel\u27s name unnecessarily initiated a philosophical heaviness. There were concerns that this might negatively affect the book’s sales. But the author remained adamant. As a result, the word Being (or Sattā in Bengali, meaning ‘existence’) remained in both the French and English translations, and eventually, its presence carried through into other European languages as well. From 1979 to 1981, though he spent a few years in France, he was, in the truest sense, homeless and stateless at that time. He clearly stated that he never intended to write psychological or philosophical novels. At the Canter of all of Kundera’s works lies a single word: Being or Existence. That is the concept he sought to explore from different angles.
According to him, only those literary works are meaningful to humanity that reveal some previously unknown aspect of existence. After being officially exiled by the Communist government, he began, during those few years, to write anew about the existence of modern humans. What made his style distinctive was the way he examined human existence from various perspectives - often through irony or absurdity. Although in interviews he mentioned that humour, irony - the most sublime flavors of literature - were more prominent in earlier writings, and that people today seem to have forgotten how to laugh. His name: Milan Kundera. A writer who spun bizarre tales out of the visible and invisible elements of human life, and made his readers laugh through them - but a writer whom scholars of literature are reluctant to categorize simply as dark humour. At the same time, his works don\u27t fit neatly into parody or comedy either. So what makes Milan Kundera unique? This piece will attempt to shed light on that very question
A Framework for the Approximation of Relations
No full textPart 2: Uncertain TheoryInternational audienceThe paper proposes a foundation to the approximation of relations by means of relations. We discuss necessary, possible and sufficient approximations and show their links with other topics, such as refinement and simulation. The operators introduced in the paper has been tested on computers
Some Discussions on Subjectivity of Machine and its Function
No full textPart 1: Brain CognitionInternational audienceMany people think that, in order to improve the capabilities of a machine, the machine should have its initiative. Consequently, in order to make machine having its initiative, the consciousness of machine should be established. Here, we propose that instead of consciousness, the subjectivity of the machine should be considered. Thus we can avoid unnecessary arguments, and conduct fruitful discussions. We analyze the subjectivity of a machine and propose a working definition, and discuss 4 major aspects of subjectivity, namely, a priori and cogitating, active perception to outside, self awareness, and dynamic action. Dynamic action of a machine is crucially important and we suggest a possible way to approach it
P-T Probability Framework and Semantic Information G Theory Tested by Seven Difficult Tasks
No full textPart 3: Machine LearningInternational audienceTo apply information theory to more areas, the author proposed semantic information G theory, which is a natural generalization of Shannon’s information theory. This theory uses the P-T probability framework so that likelihood functions and truth functions (or membership functions), as well as sampling distributions, can be put into the semantic mutual information formula at the same time. Hence, we can connect statistics and (fuzzy) logic. Rate-distortion function R(D) becomes rate-verisimilitude function R(G) (G is the lower limit of the semantic mutual information) when the distortion function is replaced with the semantic information function. Seven difficult tasks are 1) clarifying the relationship between minimum information and maximum entropy in statistical mechanics, 2) compressing images according to visual discrimination, 3) multilabel learning for obtaining truth functions or membership functions from sampling distributions, 4) feature classifications with maximum mutual information criterion, 5) proving the convergence of the expectation-maximization algorithm for mixture models, 6) interpreting Popper’s verisimilitude and reconciling the contradiction between the content approach and the likeness approach, and 7) providing practical confirmation measures and clarifying the raven paradox. This paper simply introduces the mathematical methods for these tasks and the conclusions. The P-T probability framework and the semantic information G theory should have survived the tests. They should have broader applications. Further studies are needed for combining them with neural networks for machine learning
Mitochondrial miRNAs in Diabetes: Just the Tip of the Iceberg
No full textOver the last two decades mi(cro)RNAs have emerged as one of the key regulators of metabolic homeostasis. Most of the studies have highlighted that in the cytoplasm, miRNAs directly bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of a mRNA. Conventional RISC (RNA Inducing Silencing Complex) formation results in the post-transcriptional inhibition. This process is known to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Recent advancements with small RNA detection technologies have enabled us to identify miRNAs in the mitochondrial compartment of the cells. We have termed these miRNAs, which translocate into the mitochondria as mitochondrial miRNA, MitomiR. It has been demonstrated that MitomiRs can regulate gene expression, with some evidence even suggesting that after translocation, MitomiRs can bind to the 3'-end of a mitochondrial gene, altering its regulation. Our main focus in this review is to highlight the potential role of MitomiR in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
A Cu(II) mediated approach for colorimetric detection of aqueous fluoride in ppm level with a Schiff base receptor
No full textInspired by the importance of fluoride detection in aqueous environment, a new methodology is demonstrated by employing the synergistic reaction of fluoride and Cu(ii) salts with a designed Schiff base receptor. The cooperative ion binding behaviour of the ligand SR involves the reduction of Cu(ii) centre to Cu(i) in the presence of fluoride. In chloroform solution, the sensor shows equivalent reversible colorimetric change from amber yellow to red irrespective of the order of the addition of copper and fluoride. However, the change is equivalent but reversibility cannot not be attained in DMSO. The ion binding event can be easily recycled by adding EDTA and the resulting reversible colorimetric change mimics AND and a combinatorial logic gate. The mechanism of interaction is thoroughly analyzed by the UV-Vis, H-1 NMR, F-19 NMR, ESR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques, which is further supported by DFT calculations. The methodology is applied in the detection of fluoride in real life samples such as ground water and toothpaste extract. The method successfully detects fluoride at concentrations as low as 5 ppm
