6 research outputs found
Dynamics and drivers of land use land cover changes in Bangladesh
No full textLand is scarce in Bangladesh: Bangladesh occupies ~0.03 % of world’s land area, but supports over ~2% of human population. This high population to land ratio, combined with socioeconomic development has placed tremendous pressure on Bangladesh’s land resources for food, feed, and fuel. This study assesses the dynamics of land use land cover changes and its subsequent drivers at national and sub-national scales. We show contemporary spatial estimates of land change in Bangladesh using national-level analysis of Landsat imageries for 2000 and 2010. This analysis uses our newly compiled extensive socioeconomic database which covers ~480 sub-districts along with biophysical data. We also synthesized information from over 80 survey-based case studies on land use drivers in Bangladesh to complement our macro-scale analysis. We present a detailed analysis of contemporary land change both in terms of national extent and the use of detailed spatial information on land change, socioeconomic factors, and synthesis of case studies. Our results showed eight broad land cover types, of which majority is covered by agriculture (~70%), waterbody (rivers and shrimp ponds) (~10%) and forests (~8%). We found that agriculture, forest and mangrove areas showed a decreasing trend while bare soil, shrub land, waterbody and settlement showed an increasing trend. We identified three major land conversion types: agriculture to shrimp ponds, forest to shrub land and shrimp ponds to bare soil, and their hotspot regions at a sub-district level. Based on our analysis, we find both biophysical and socioeconomic variables contributing to the land conversions. We find that conversion of agriculture to shrimp ponds is driven by increasing rate of population, urban household size and rural household number, access to highways and variation in temperature. Drivers related to forest to shrubland conversion include increasing rate of population, access to rivers, highways and cities, and increased rate of precipitation. Lastly, shrimp ponds to bare soil conversion is driven by access to highway, cities and rivers, elevation and increasing rate of precipitation.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01The student, Suravi Shrestha, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-27 at 10:07.The student, Suravi Shrestha, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-27 at 10:12.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-27 at 18:07.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11108 on 2017-08-10 at 15:07:12Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T20:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
SHRESTHA-THESIS-2017.pdf: 1074531 bytes, checksum: dca38104bf57eb619275db4de1fa0f9c (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4212 bytes, checksum: 4cb6877dd498f3160ee6ecfe0d28f1f5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-04-27Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102850
Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:27:21Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 102850 on 2019-08-11T09:15:28Z
Remixing of a phase separated binary colloidal system with particles of different sizes in an external modulation
No full textWe explore phase behaviour of a binary colloidal system under external
spatially periodic modulation. We perform Monte Carlo simulation on a binary
mixture of big and small repulsive Lennard-Jones particles with diameter ratio
1:2. We characterise structure by isotropic and anisotropic pair correlation
function, cluster size distribution, bond angle distribution, order parameter
and specific heat. We observe demixing of the species in the absence of the
external modulation. However, mixing of the species gets enhanced with
increasing potential strength. The de-mixing order parameter shows
discontinuity and the specific heat shows a peak with increasing modulation
strength, characterizing a first order phase transition
Effect of glycaemic status in neonatal sepsis-A prospective observational study
No full textIntroduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common and readily treatable risk factor for neurologic impairment in children. Although associations between prolonged symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia and brain injury are well established, the effect of milder hypoglycemia on neurologic development is uncertain. Objective: To determine the glycemic status among patients with neonatal sepsis and to evaluate their association with the mortality. Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. Total 52 patients clinically diagnosed as neonatal sepsis were studied, a detailed history and thorough physical examination was done in each patient on admission. History included age of newborn, sex, gestational age, h/o prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM), intrapartum fever or fever 3 days before delivery, per vaginal foul smelling discharge, prolonged labor and features of sepsis. Physical examination included respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, chest indrawing, grunting, cyanosis, convulsion, breath sound, added sound, weight, jaundice, bleeding manifestation, status of fontanelles, umbilicus and capillary refill time. Blood glucose level and mortality of neonates having hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were analyzed. Results: Out of 52 patients clinically diagnosed as neonatal sepsis were studied. The mean age was found 10.2±8.4 days with range from 1 to 28 days and more than half (51.6%) patients belonged to age ≤7 days. More than two third (68.7%) patients were male and 31.3% were female. 42(80.77%) patients were found CRP positive and 10(19.23%) were negative CRP. 34.62% patients were blood culture positive and 65.38% patients were culture negative. Majority (71.43%) of CRP positive patients were found normoglycemic, 11.90% were found hypoglycemic and only 16.67% were found hyperglycemic. Among 18 culture positive patients 11(61.11%) were normoglycaemic, 3(16.67%) were hypoglycemic and 4(22.22%) were hyperglycemic. 57.1% of hyperglycemic and 40% of hypoglycemic patients were died whereas only 13.3% of normoglycemic patients were died. Out of 10 expired patients, 2 patients Hypoglycemia, 4 patients Normoglycemia and 4 patients Hyperglycemia. Mortality was high in Hypoglycemia patient (40.0%) in comparison with normoglycaemic patient (13.33%) and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. Mortality was also high in hyperglycaemic patient (57.14%) in comparison with normoglycaemic patient (13.33%) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Conclusion: Alteration of glycemic status occurred in septic newborn. Our study showed mortality is higher among the septic newborn with hyperglycemia. The incidence of hypoglycemia was high as compared to hyperglycemia. Neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia was a significant factor in the overall mortality in neonatal sepsis
Exploring the structural attributes of yoda1 for the development of new-generation Piezo1 agonist yaddle1 as a vaccine adjuvant targeting optimal T cell activation.
No full textPiezo1, a mechano-activated ion channel, has wide-ranging physiological and therapeutic implications, with the ongoing development of specific agonists unveiling cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. In our study, we systematically analyzed the chemical subunits in Piezo1 protein agonist Yoda1 to comprehend the structure–activity relationship and push forward next-generation agonist development. Preliminary screening assays for Piezo1 agonism were performed using the Piezo1-mCherry-transfected HEK293A cell line, keeping Yoda1 as a positive control. We introduce a novel Piezo1 agonist Yaddle1 (34, 0.40 μM), featuring a trifluoromethyl group, with further exploration through in vitro studies and density functional theory calculations, emphasizing its tetrel interactions, to act as an ambidextrous wedge between the domains of Piezo1. In contrast to the poor solubility of the established agonist Yoda1, our results showed that the kinetic solubility of Yaddle1 (26.72 ± 1.8 μM at pH 7.4) is 10-fold better than that of Yoda1 (1.22 ± 0.11 μM at pH 7.4). Yaddle1 (34) induces Ca2+ influx in human CD4+ T cell, suggesting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant for enhanced T cell activation
Immature Acta2R179C/+ Smooth Muscle Cells Cause Moyamoya-Like Cerebrovascular Lesions in Mice Prevented by Boosting OXPHOS
No full textACTA2 pathogenic variants altering arginine 179 cause childhood-onset strokes due to moyamoya disease (MMD)-like occlusions of the distal internal carotid arteries, but the mechanisms of pathogenesis are unknown and no preventive treatments exist. Here we show that Acta2R179C/+ smooth muscle cells (SMCs) fail to fully differentiate and maintain stem cell-like features, including increased migration and glycolytic flux compared to wildtype (WT) SMCs. Increasing mitochondrial respiration with nicotinamide riboside (NR) drives differentiation and decreases migration of Acta2R179C/+ SMCs. Carotid artery injury of Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice leads to premature death, intraluminal SMC accumulation leading to MMD-like occlusive lesions, neurologic symptoms, and neuron loss, whereas injured WT mice have none of these phenotypes, and all are prevented by NR treatment in the Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice. These data show that driving differentiation and quiescence of Acta2R179C/+ SMCs by altering cellular metabolism attenuates MMD-like disease in the Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice, highlighting a role of immature and highly migratory SMCs in the pathogenesis of MMD
Hit-to-lead optimization of 2-aminoquinazolines as anti-microbial agents against Leishmania donovani.
No full textVisceral leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal disease caused by infection by the intracellular protist pathogens Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum. Present therapies are ineffective because of high costs, variable efficacy against different species, the requirement for hospitalization, toxicity and drug resistance. Detailed analysis of previously published hit molecules suggested a crucial role of ‘guanidine’ linkage for their efficacy against L. donovani. Here we report the design of 2-aminoquinazoline heterocycle as a basic pharmacophore-bearing guanidine linkage. The introduction of various groups and functionality at different positions of the quinazoline scaffold results in enhanced antiparasitic potency with modest host cell cytotoxicity using a physiologically relevant THP-1 transformed macrophage infection model. In terms of the ADME profile, the C7 position of quinazoline was identified as a guiding tool for designing better molecules. The good ADME profile of the compounds suggests that they merit further consideration as lead compounds for treating visceral leishmaniasis
