1,720,991 research outputs found
COMMENTO A SENTENZA: il comparaggio: riflessioni criminologiche e giuridiche. Analisi di un reato "mai" applicato
No full textPreparatory versus main competitions: differences in performances, lactate responses, and pre-competitions plasma cortisol concentrations in elite male swimmers
No full textTwo groups of elite male swimmers were studied with a similar protocol during the winter training seasons of two consecutive years. In the first season (September 1997-January 1998), eight male swimmers (age 19-25 years) of the Italian National Team participated, after 12 weeks of increased training volume, in a preparatory national competition (PWC) and then, after a further 6 weeks of specific training, in the World Championships (WC, both competitions in a 50-m pool), which represented the main competition at the end of the 18 week-long winter season. In the second season (September 1998-December 1998), a group of ten high-level male swimmers (18-22 years) participated, after 8 weeks of increased training volume, in a preparatory national competition (PNC) and then, after a further 6 weeks of specific training, in the Italian Championships (IC, both competitions in a 25-m pool), the the main competition at the end of the 14 week-long winter season. A tapering period lasting 1-3 weeks was observed before the main competition in both seasons. All swimmers were competing in distances up to 400 m; two of them participated in the study in both seasons. The swimming velocities and post-competition blood lactate concentrations were higher in the main competitions than in the preparatory competitions in both seasons. Pre-competition cortisol (CORT) plasma concentrations were higher than the initial values at the beginning of the season, reaching maximal values at the preparatory competitions and then decreasing before the main competitions in both seasons. The percentage increase in individual swimming velocity from the preparatory to the main competition was positively correlated with the corresponding increase in post-competition blood lactate (r=0.63, p=0.046) in the 1997 season (WC) and negatively correlated with the corresponding decrease in pre-competition CORT concentration (r=-0.66, p=0.019) in the 1998 season (IC). Our results indicate that a decrease in pre-competition CORT could be a prerequisite for an improvement in swimming performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Shuttle Swim Test in water polo: validity and reliability
No full textAIM: The purpose of this study, carried out on elite water polo players, was to examine: 1) the relationship between the shuttle swim test (SST) and the performance during official water polo games, and 2) the SST reliability.
METHODS: Sixteen male players of the Italian National Water Polo Team (age: 27.9 + or - 2.1 years, body mass: 88.5 + or - 10.3 kg, height: 186.6 + or - 6.9 cm) performed the SST, consisting of two sets of seven repetitions from 40 to 10 m (total of 120 m for each set) at a maximal intensity with 90 s of rest between sets. During the SST, average swimming speed, blood lactate concentration and heart rate were recorded. Direct validity of the SST was evaluated by comparing the average swimming speed with the total distance covered (TD) and the distance covered at high intensity swimming (above 1.8 m x s(-1), HIS) during three official water polo games. SST reliability was assessed by testing the same athletes one week apart.
RESULTS: Average swimming speed during the SST was significantly correlated with TD (r=0.67, P<0.01) and HIS (r=0.74, P<0.004). The mean average speed during SST showed high reliability (TE=0.4%; CI 95%: 0.2% to 1.0% ). The T1 vs. T2 difference in mean average speed was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Present findings demonstrate the validity and reliability of the SST for evaluation of the swimming fitness of water polo player
Sport per disabili: dalla riabilitazione alle Paralimpiadi.
No full textLa pratica regolare di esercizio fisico, cioè di attività motoria strutturata determina in soggetti con disabilità locomotoria, ed in particolare in soggetti con mielolesione (tetraplegici e paraplegici), effetti benefici sulla salute. Tali effetti salutari consistono nel miglioramento dell’efficienza cardiovascolare e respiratoria (con un ridotto rischio di incorrere in malattie conseguenti all’aterosclerosi), miglioramento della “fitness” muscolare (forza massima e capacità di protrarre l’esercizio a differenti livelli di contrazione sottomassimale) ed un generale miglioramento
della funzionalità motoria con conseguente maggiore autonomia e ridotto stress cardiocircolatorio nelle attività della vita quotidiana. Dagli anni ‘70 in poi, parallelamente al suo
uso di tipo fisiatrico, lo sport per i soggetti
disabili si è andato sempre più evolvendo,
acquistando popolarità e valenza agonistica
sempre maggiore tanto da potersi ora considerare,
in termini di spettacolo e di significato
sociale, alla stessa stregua dello sport per i
normodotati. Oggi le Paralimpiadi estive sono
considerate per importanza il secondo evento
sportivo al mondo (www.paralympic.org). Poichè la pratica sportiva non è però esente da rischi è fondamentale una accurata valutazione dello stato di salute degli atleti che raggiungono l'obbiettivo di gareggiare a livello paralimpico. sulla base di una ventennale esperienza iniziata con le visite paralimpiche di Seoul ‘88, frutto di una collaborazione tra la Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina dello Sport dell’Università di Roma “Sapienza”, diretta dal Prof. Marco Marchetti, e la allora Federazione Italiana Sport Handicap, è stata messa a punto la visita di idoneità paralimpica
Blood lactate accumulation in top level swimmers following competitions
No full textThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the significance of blood lactate values after competitions and the blood lactate-swimming speed relationship to swimming performances. Auricular blood samples (N = 421) were collected in 203 top level Italian swimmers (116 males and 87 females) at the end of competitions performed in a 25 m swimming pool. The distribution of all lactate values differed between males and females. The lowest lactate values occurred in swimmers performing the longest distances both in males (1500 m) and females (800 m). In swimmers performing freestyle events a relationship between V-4 mM (swimming speed at 4 mmol/l blood lactate value) and competition velocities was observed, in males, at 200, 400 and 1500 m and, in females, at 400 and 800 m. The predicted velocity corresponding to the competition lactate value assessed by the individual blood lactate-swimming speed relationship was found to be highly related to the actual competition velocity. Results suggest that blood lactate values in swimmers are a useful indication of individual aptitudes
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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