196,480 research outputs found
Eudor-a: a Naturalistic, European Multi-centre Clinical Study of Edor Test in Adult Patients with Primary Depression
No full textSarchiapone, M; Iosue, M; Amore, M; Baca-Garcia, E; Batra, A; Bauer, S; Cosman, D; Courtet, P; Di Sciascio, G; Girardi, P; Gusmao, R; Kaschka, W; Parnowski, T; Rihmer, Z; Saiz, P; Thome, J; Tingstrom, A; Wojnar, M; Zeppegno, P; Thorell, LH; Holmberg, C
Antenne di slot in guida SIW: progetto di lanciatori a basso costo e sviluppo di un sistema NF-FF a geometria cilindrica per la misura del diagramma di radiazione
No full textAre obstetric complications related to adult schizophrenia? A case-control study
No full textBackground: Early environmental events may be relevant to the etiology of schizophrenia. Among such events, interest has focused especially on obstetric complications (OCs). Objective: Aims of the study were to compare the incidence of OCs in patients, siblings and normal controls and to examine the relationship between OCs and later schizophrenia. Method: One hundred and thirteen patients with schizophrenia were recruited, as were 140 patients' siblings and 113 controls without schizophrenia. The OCs history of patients, their sibs and controls was obtained through interviews with patients' and controls' mothers. Results: The results highlighted that more patients than sibs had at least one definite OC and a higher mean number of OCs; more patients had premature rupture of membranes, threatened abortion and a labor of more than 36 h. Conclusions: Our data provide some evidence for a link between OCs and later schizophrenia. Furthermore, this study highlights how OCs, which may cause fetal distress through a hypoxic-ischemic mechanism, could increase the risk of schizophrenia interacting with genetic susceptibility. © 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard
Are obstetric complications related to adult schizophrenia? A case-control study
No full textBackground: Early environmental events may be relevant to the etiology of schizophrenia. Among such events, interest has focused especially on obstetric complications (OCs).
Objective: Aims of the study were to compare the incidence of OCs in patients, siblings and normal controls and to examine the relationship between OCs and later schizophrenia.
Method: One hundred and thirteen patients with schizophrenia were recruited, as were 140 patients’ siblings and 113 controls without schizophrenia. The OCs history of patients, their sibs and controls was obtained through interviews with patients’ and controls’ mothers.
Results: The results highlighted that more patients than sibs had at least one definite OC and a higher mean number of OCs; more patients had premature rupture of membranes, threatened abortion and a labor of more than 36 h.
Conclusions: Our data provide some evidence for a link between OCs and later schizophrenia. Furthermore, this study highlights how OCs, which may cause fetal distress through a hypoxic-ischemic mechanism, could increase the risk of schizophrenia interacting with genetic susceptibility
Controlling Access to Suicide Means
No full textBACKGROUND:
Restricting access to common means of suicide, such as firearms, toxic gas, pesticides and other, has been shown to be effective in reducing rates of death in suicide. In the present review we aimed to summarize the empirical and clinical literature on controlling the access to means of suicide.
METHODS:
This review made use of both MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane library databases, identifying all English articles with the keywords "suicide means", "suicide method", "suicide prediction" or "suicide prevention" and other relevant keywords.
RESULTS:
A number of factors may influence an individual's decision regarding method in a suicide act, but there is substantial support that easy access influences the choice of method. In many countries, restrictions of access to common means of suicide has lead to lower overall suicide rates, particularly regarding suicide by firearms in USA, detoxification of domestic and motor vehicle gas in England and other countries, toxic pesticides in rural areas, barriers at jumping sites and hanging, by introducing "safe rooms" in prisons and hospitals. Moreover, decline in prescription of barbiturates and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), as well as limitation of drugs pack size for paracetamol and salicylate has reduced suicides by overdose, while increased prescription of SSRIs seems to have lowered suicidal rates.
CONCLUSIONS:
Restriction to means of suicide may be particularly effective in contexts where the method is popular, highly lethal, widely available, and/or not easily substituted by other similar methods. However, since there is some risk of means substitution, restriction of access should be implemented in conjunction with other suicide prevention strategies
The influence of childhood trauma on the onset and repetition of suicidal behavior: an investigation on a high risk sample of prisoner
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Childhood trauma is a well recognized risk factor for attempting suicide. However, its relationship to the age of onset of first suicide attempt and the repetition of attempts has been little studied.
METHODS: One thousand five hundred and fifty-three prisoners underwent a psychiatric interview which included the Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA) interview. The prisoners completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI).
RESULTS: Two hundred prisoners (12.9%) had a history of attempting suicide. Subjects who had attempted suicide had significantly higher CTQ scores than subjects who had never attempted. Childhood traumas were also significantly associated with the early onset of suicidal behavior, while repeated attempts were predicted by sexual abuse only. Early suicidal behavior was further associated with young age, psychiatric disease, aggressive traits and violent behavior. Early age at onset of suicidal behavior was also associated with repetition of suicide attempts. Repetition of suicide attempt was further associated with other self-injurious behaviors (self-harm).
CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that a history of attempting suicide is frequent among prisoners. Childhood trauma is a risk factor not only for suicidal behavior but also for its early onset as is having a psychiatric disorder and aggressive traits. Sexual abuse may increase the risk for multiple attempts, which strongly correlated with age at onset and other self-harm behaviors
Are obstetric complications related to adult schizophrenia? A case-control study. Acta Neuropsychiatrica.
No full textRisk factors for attempting suicide in prisoners
No full textWe wished to examine determinants of suicidal behavior in prisoners. 903 male prisoners had a psychiatric interview which included various psychometric tests. Suicide attempters were compared with prisoners who had never attempted suicide. Significantly more of the attempters had a history of psychiatric disorder, substance abuse, a family history of suicidal behavior, convictions for violent crime, had exhibited aggressive behavior in jail, and had higher BGLHA aggression scores. A similar pattern of risk factors was found for prisoners with suicidal ideation. A lifetime history of attempting suicide, or of having suicidal ideation, is frequent in prisoners. Risk factors include family, developmental, aggression, personality, psychiatric, and substance abuse factors. © 2009 The American Association of Suicidology
Psychosocial Suicide Prevention Interventions in the Elderly: A Mini-Review of the Literature
No full textIn Europe the elderly population is projected to increase from 18.5% (93.9 million) in 2014 to 28.7% (149.1 million) by 2080. In the United States it is estimated that by 2030 more than 20% of the population will be aged 65 years or over. This specific population is at high risk of unrecognized or untreated psychiatric illnesses and suicide. It is well known that completed suicide rate increases with age in both men and women. Although elderly people attempt suicide less often than other age groups, they show a higher completion rate. Generally, the methods chosen by elderly are more lethal, the intent is more serious, they are more determined, and they show fewer warning signs than the younger population. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial intervention, following self-harm in adults, found that cognitive behavioral therapy was the most effective therapy in these patients. Unfortunately, there have been few reported trials of other potentially effective interventions. Because the scientific literature on psychosocial suicide prevention interventions in the elderly is still scant, we conducted a mini-review in order to take stock of the situation. Studies were identified through electronic searches of the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, Scopus and the Web of Science databases. PRISMA guidelines were followed and only seven articles met the inclusion criteria. No firm conclusions can be drawn about this topic because there is still very little data and studies use inconsistent outcome measures and designs. Nonetheless, the existing data suggests that psychosocial interventions are promisin
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