1,720,970 research outputs found
Retrospective study on Romanian foreign bodies injuries in children
No full textBACKGROUND:
Foreign bodies (FB) injuries are an issue that has been recognized and investigated since many years; despite that, the impact of this subject in literature and research is still small. Such kind of injuries identifies all incidents due to ingestion, inhalation, insertion and aspiration of an object into the aero digestive tract. FBs injuries located in the upper airways can be a very serious event, sometimes resulting in fatal outcome.
METHODS:
A retrospective study was performed on FB injuries in the aerodigestive tract in paediatric patients 1-17 years old, recorded from the ENT Department of the M. S. Curie Hospital in Bucharest.
RESULTS:
455 cases were reported from the M. S. Curie Hospital, ENT Department. Prevalence in female patients is higher than the males (225 males and 230 females). Mean age observed was 4.12 years. The distribution of injuries according to the retrieval location showed a higher prevalence in the nose (44.62% of cases), with a higher occurrence in females (50.74%) followed by the digestive system (24.28% of cases) were the distribution between males and females is equal. The highest prevalence was represented by nuts and seed (23.96%), followed by marble and coins (respectively 12.75% and 12.53%).
CONCLUSIONS:
As generally described in scientific literature, injuries usually concerned toddlers and preschoolers, while school-aged children less often place foreign objects in their noses. Our results confirm the fact that when passive preventive strategies are not practical, active strategies that promote behaviour change are necessary. Active strategies require that a caregiver changes his or her behaviour each time the child begins an activity that has the potential to cause injury. Education is critical to these active strategies and plays a complementary role to environmental changes and legal mandates
Rhinosinusal inflammation and high mobility group box 1 protein: A new target for therapy
Full text linkBackground/Aims: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein belonging to the class of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, which activates innate immunity and powerful inflammatory factors. The aim of this review is to show the importance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of nasal inflammatory diseases and to suggest that inhibition of HMGB1 may be an innovative therapeutic target. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to study whether HMGB1 increases in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and whether its expression is associated with eosinophils and inflammatory cytokines. Using primary cultures of human nasal epithelial cells, we localised lipopolysaccharide-induced active translocation and release of HMGB1 by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Results: Patients with severe symptoms have the highest HMGB1 serum levels. Glycyrrhetic acid inhibits the chemotactic and mitogenic function of HMGB1, binding to the hydrophobic residues that delimit the pockets in box A and B. Conclusions: Chronic inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are increasingly prevalent and are a financial burden for society. HMGB1 has been shown to play a role in several inflammatory diseases of otolaryngological interest. The inhibition of HMGB1 may be an innovative therapeutic target for patients with chronic upper airway inflammatory diseases having nasal obstruction as a major symptom. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Base
Are HMGB1 protein expression and secretion markers of upper airways inflammatory diseases?
No full textTaking into account the mechanisms at the origin of the airways inflammatory pathologies, our attention has been recently addressed to the study of HMGB1, a protein belonging to the group of alarmins. Alarmins are those molecules which in homeostatic conditions carry out specific metabolic and/or structural functions; furthermore, after a direct trauma or an infection, these molecules are released in the extracellular milieu becoming there activators of the innate immunity and powerful inflammatory factors. In a previous research we found in patients affected with chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) an increased expression of this protein in the nucleus of nasal mucosa epithelial cells. HMGB1 was overexpressed also as focal subepithelial infiltration and in the inflammatory cells of patients in comparison with controls. These results suggested a possible pathogenetic role of HMGB1 in CRSwNP. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the expression and localization (nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular) of the HMGB1 protein-cytokine is somehow related to the severity and complexity of the histological and clinical picture. We noticed values which have around statistical significance between nuclear HMGB1 and eosinophils infiltrate (p=0.0607) and between nuclear HMGB1 and inflammatory infiltrate (P=0.0524). Even more significant was the correlation between extra-cellular HMGB1 expression and the presence of allergic-hyper reactive conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, NSADs intolerance, antibiotic allergy. HMGB1 was significantly more expressed in the nucleus (p=0.0499) and in the intercellular space (p=0.0380) in allergic patients than in non-allergic subjects and as extra-cellular infiltrate in patients with NSADs intolerance (p=0.0022). These results confirm the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyposis; besides the higher extra-cellular expression in patients with a more severe clinical and inflammatory picture and the presence of associated co-morbidities suggests to seek for new compounds: these compounds, decreasing the extra-cellular release of this alarmin through a scavenger mechanism, could keep under control the inflammatory process without interfering with the nuclear transcriptional messengers
Bromelain’s penetration into the blood and sinonasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis|Farmacocinetica della bromelina nel sangue e nella mucosa rinosinusale nei pazienti con rinosinusite cronica
Full text linkLo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di accertare la farmacocinetica di Bromelina nella mucosa rinosinusale e nel sangue in pazienti con
rinosinusite cronica (CRS) ed in un gruppo di controllo. La Bromelina è un derivato dell’ananas (Ananas comosus) e dispone di vari effetti
farmacologici. In questo studio sono stati arruolati 40 pazienti (20 pazienti e 20 controlli). Abbiamo somministrato Bromelina 500 mg in
compresse due volte al giorno per 30 giorni. Abbiamo valutato la presenza di Bromelina nella mucosa dei turbinati e dell’etmoide e nel
siero. La Bromelina risulta avere un’ottima distribuzione dal sangue alle mucose rinosinusali. In conclusione la capacità di diffusione può
permettere l’uso di bromelina come farmaco anti-infiammatorio nelle patologie rinosinusali.The aim of this research is to investigate penetration of Bromelain into sinonasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) versus a control group. Bromelain is derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and has various pharmacological effects. 40 patients (20 patients and 20 controls) were enrolled in the study. Bromelain 500 mg tablet twice daily was administered for 30 days. We scored bromelain presence in turbinate and ethmoid mucosas and in the serum of both the groups. Bromelain has an excellent distribution from blood to rhinosinusal mucosa. Its diffusion ability may allow the use of bromelain as an anti-inflammatory agent in paranasal sinus pathologies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Penetration of bromelain in serum and rhinosinusal mucosa in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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