21 research outputs found
Experimental validation of plastic constitutive hardening relationship based upon the direction of the Net Burgers Density Vector
No full textHARPUT'LU ABDULHAMIT HAMDiEFENDi (1830-1902) VE HZ. PEYGAMBER'iN BILGiSiNE DAiR BiR RiSALESi "Safvetu Efkari'I-Uiema fi isbati Ilmi Nebiyyina bi'I-Esma"
No full textHARPUTI ABDULHAMİT HAMDİ EFENDi and his epistle "Safwatu
Afkari'l Ulama fi Isbliti Ilmi Nabiyyina bi'l-Asma", which is on the Prophet's
knowledge:
An Ottornan scholar A. Harndi Efendi (1830-1902, from Harput-Elazig) had written a
lot ofbooks about Islarnic scienses and the literature. In this work we studied him and
his Arabic epistle which was published in 1899, Istanbul, 19 pp. The epistle has three
main assertions:
1. The Prophet M uharnrnad had created before the Prophet Adam,
2.Allah had tought him all teachings, as far as had tought Adam all names.
3.The Prophet has knowledge of everything by his soul, even he knows what Allah
knows.
The author supports these claims with the verses from the Qur'an and a lot of
traditions and some sufı poerns. Then, we discussed and examined these assertions in
the light of the Prophet's knowledge. W e conclude that, this epistle !ike rnany others,
isa tytıical work from our culture and geography about Muslim's misunderstanding of
the Prophet. Meanwhile it is an original work in comparison to the first and the last
prophets and their knowledges. Morever, it is an important docuınent on Muslim's
unlirnited love towards the Prophet It is very interesting to observe that a Muslim
scholar occupied himself with such a work at the most difficult time of the Ottornan
Empire
Size effect on compressive strength and deformation of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel micropillars
No full textThe properties of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel (SS) have been investigated in compression using single crystal micropillars with diameters ranging from 800 to 4000 nm. The AM 316L SS sample was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and subsequently heat treated at 950 degrees C for 2 h followed by air cooling, to relieve residual stress. Micropillars were fabricated from grains of pre-selected orientation using gallium focused ion beam (Ga-FIB) in a helium ion microscope (HIM), enabling the determination of resolved shear stress (RSS) on [111] glide planes. The heat-treated AM 316L SS pillars exhibit a strong size effect with (RSS) increasing as the pillar size decreases, following a power-law relation with an exponent of-0.69. Deformation primarily occurred through the activation of the {111} slip system, as evidenced by sharply defined slip planes and multiple parallel slip bands observed post-compression. The size effect was compared with literature values for the austenite phase in dual-phase and austenitic stainless steels as well as pure Ni samples, which serve as references for single-element face-centered cubic (fcc) metals. This size exponent aligns closely with the empirical trend observed in fcc metals, suggesting that even after processing induced microstructural evolution, AM 316L SS retains the universal size dependent strengthening behavior characteristic of fcc materials. These findings emphasize the effect of additive manufacturing and subsequent thermal processing on microscale mechanical properties.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [221M005]U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0023110]U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0023110] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)HY and BA were funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) under project grant no 221M005. AS and AB were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Division of Materials Science and Engineering under award no. #DE-SC0023110. The authors thank to Quantum Metrology Laboratory at TUBITAK National Metrology Institute for access to Helium Ion Microscope to fabricate the micropillars
An investigation of non-linear optimization methods on composite structures under vibration and buckling loads
No full textIn order to evaluate the performance of three heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimal stacking sequence of laminated composite plates with respect to critical buckling load and non-dimensional natural frequencies, a multi-objective optimization procedure is developed using the weighted summation method. Classical lamination theory and first order shear deformation theory are employed for critical buckling load and natural frequency computations respectively. The analytical critical buckling load and finite element calculation schemes for natural frequencies are validated through the results obtained from literature. The comparative study takes into consideration solution and computational time parameters of the three algorithms in the statistical evaluation scheme. The results indicate that particle swarm optimization (PSO) considerably outperforms the remaining two methods for the special problem considered in the study
Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa Konevî ve Hâşiye alâ Tefsîri’l-Beyzâvî ve Tefsîri’z-Zemahşerî adlı eserinin tahkiki
No full textZemahşerî’nin Keşşâf’ı Beyzâvî'nın Envârü't-Tenzîl ve Esrârü't-Te'vîl' adlı eseri, dilbilimsel, dirâyet ve edebî tefsir bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu, kendinden sonraki tefsir yazımını etkilemesi, üzerine pek çok şerh ve hâşiye yazılmasından anlaşılmaktadır. Beydâvî ve Zemahşerî’nin ilgili eserleri üzerine bir hâşiye yazmış bulunan Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa (ö. 1098/ 1687) hâşiyesinde genel nitelikli açıklamalarının yanında özellikle kelime ve cümlelerin lugavî ve belâgî tahlilleri üzerinde genişçe durmuştur. Bu iki âlime karşı takdir duyguları taşıyan yazar kelâmî ve lugavî meselelerde yer yer Zemahşerî ve Beydâvî'yi de uygun bir dille tenkit etmiştir. Biz bu araştırmamızda Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa'nın En’âm sûresinin ilk 30 ayeti üzerinden Keşşâf ve Envârü't-Tenzîl tefsirlerinin ilgili yerlerini açıklamak maksadıyla kaleme aldığı hâşiyesini incelemeye ve yazma halde bulunan eserin tahkikini yapmaya çalıştık. Birinci bölümde Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa'nın yaşadığı dönemden, hayatından, eğitiminden, hocaları ve talebelerinden, ilmi kişiliğinden, görevlerinden ve eserlerinden bahsedildi. İkinci bölümde ise hâşiyenin nüshaları, tahkîkte takip edilen metot, müellifin hâşiyedeki yöntemi, tefsirciliği, Kur’ân ilimlerine yaklaşımı ve hâşiyenin kaynaklarından bahsedildi. Çalışmamızı hâşiyenin tahkikli metni ile sonuçlandırdık.The work of Zemahshari, titled the Kashaf, and Beydawi's work titled Anwar al-Tanzil and Asrar al-Tawil, hold great importance in terms of linguistic, astute, and literary commentary. This can be understood from the fact that they influenced the later tafsir writing and that many commentaries and annotations were written on it. Kazasker Hamid bin Mustafa (d. 1098/ 1687), is also an author who wrote annotations on the relevant works of Baydawi and Zamakhshari. in addition to his general explanations, focused extensively on the lexical and rhetorical analyzes of words and sentences. The author, who has feelings of appreciation towards these two scholars, occasionally criticized Zemahshari and Beydawi in a respectful manner, especially in theological and linguistic issues. In our research, we examined the annotation written by Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa on the first 30 verses of Surah Al-An'am, aiming to explain the relevant parts of the Keşşaf and Envârü't-Tenzîl commentaries. The first section covers the period in which Kazasker Hâmid b. Mustafa lived, his life, education, teachers, students, scholarly personality, duties, and works. In the second section, we discussed the copies of the annotation, the methodology followed in the critical edition, the author's approach in the annotation, his approach to Quranic sciences, and the sources of the annotation. The study concluded with the critical text of the annotation
Substance use prediction using artificial intelligence techniques
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Substance use poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, including in Finland. This study seeks to predict patterns of substance use, aiming to identify the driving factors behind these trends using artificial intelligence techniques. This research utilizes data from the 2022 Finnish National Drug Survey, comprising 3,857 participants, to develop predictive models targeting the use of cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamine, cocaine, and non-prescribed medications. Analysis of 23 questionnaire items yielded 76 features across four substance use dimensions: demographic attributes, experience and preferences of drug use, health-related aspects of drug use, and social attributes of drug use. In addition to traditional machine learning (ML) approaches previously applied in this field, three sophisticated deep learning models—standard LSTM, BiLSTM, and Recursive LSTM—were employed to evaluate their predictive performance. These LSTM models were further augmented with SHAP analysis to identify the primary influences on substance use patterns. While all these artificial intelligence models demonstrated superior predictive performance, our focus was specifically on the outcomes of the LSTM models due to their novel application in this field. The results underscore the exceptional performance of both LSTM and ML models in unraveling complex substance use behaviors, underlining their applicability in diverse public health contexts. This study not only sheds light on the predictors of substance uses but also furthers methodological innovation in drug research, charting new directions for crafting targeted intervention strategies and policies. The observed variability in predictor significance across different substances indicates the necessity for tailored prevention programs catering to particular user groups. Integrating machine learning with social science and public health policy, our research deepens the understanding of the factors influencing substance use and promotes effective strategies for its mitigation. Despite some limitations, this investigation establishes a foundation for future studies and accentuates the critical role of advanced computational techniques in addressing intricate social issues.Peer reviewe
Damegani's method in his book named el-Vucuh wa'n-Nezair
No full textKur'ân ilimleri terimi olarak vücûh, bir kelimenin Kur’ân’da birbirinden farklı anlamlarda kullanılması nezâir ise farklı köklerden gelen kelimelerin aynı anlamı ifade etmesine denir. Bu iki kavram Kur'ân’ı anlamada büyük önem arz eden elVücûh ve’n-Nezâir ilminin temelinin oluşturur. Hicrî 5. asırda yaşamış olan Hüseyin b. Muhammed ed-Dâmegânî’nin “el-Vücûh ve’nnezâir li elfâzi kitâbillâhi’l-azîz ve me‘ânîhâ” adlı eseri çok anlamlı (vücûh) 529 kelime ihtiva eder. Bu kelimeler arasında Kur'ân’ın anlam alanı içerisinde önemli yeri olan kavramlardan başka pek dikkat çekmeyen edatlar ve harfler de yer almaktadır. Alfabetik sırayla sistematik bir şekilde telif edilen kitapta müellif önce kitabına aldığı kelimelerin farklı anlamlarını (vecih) ortaya koyar; ardından her bir vechi tefsir ederken özellikle başka âyeti/âyetleri delil getirerek konuyu açıklığa kavuşturur. Bu tür bir çalışma için önemli bir kaynak olan hadîs literatürünün kullanılmaması, selef kavli, sebeb-i nüzûl, şiir ve lugat gibi başlıca tefsîr malzemelerinin de eserin tamamına göre az denebilecek sayıda kullanılması dikkat çekmektedir. Yalnız bu durum müellifin bu ilimlerden habersiz olduğu şeklinde yorumlanmamalıdır. Çünkü müellif kaynaklarını açıkça belirtmese de ilmî birikimi kitabın muhtevasında kendini göstermektedir. Dâmegânî hem rivâyetle gelen literatür hem de Kur'ân ilimleri ve lugat ilimleri ışığında kelimeleri tefsîr etmektedir. Kendinden önceki fikrî, ilmî ve itikadî süreci dikkate aldığımızda Kur'ân âyetlerini tevil eden Dâmegânî’nin, üzerinde birçok tartışmaların yapıldığı görüşlerin iptali veya ispatına çalışmadığı ve oldukça sade bir uslûpla Ehl-i sünnet çizgisinde yorumlar yaptığı görülür. Dâmegânî’nin el-Vücûh ve’n-Nezâir ilmine dair bu eseri Kur'ân kavramlarının anlaşılmasında ve özellikle Kur'ân tercümesinde ilim adamlarının ufkunu açacak ve bu alanda çalışanlar için önemli bir kaynak olacaktır.As a Qur’anic Science term, the vucûh (Homonymous) means using a single word with different meanings in the Qur’an whereas nazair (Synonymous) tells us the words came from different roots bearing the same meaning. These two terms take place as a base for the Qur’anic science “al-Vucûh wa’n-Nazâir” which is very important to understand Quran. al-Vucûh wa’n-Nazâir li Alfâzi Kitâbillâh al-Azîz wa Ma‘ânîha as a great book of Hussain ibn Muhammad al-Dâmegânî, who had lived in the 5th century of Hegira, contains 529 significant (vücuh) words. Beside the significant Qur’anic concepts in the book there are some prepositions and letters that do not call our attention much. Within the book that is systematically reconciled with an alphabetical order, author firstly brings up the different meanings of words (vecih). Then for commenting every “vecih” he uses other verses of the Qur’an as proof and clears up the subject. It is conspicuous that no literature of Prophet Muhammad's sayings, that is important source. As main commentary sources; selef kavli, sebeb-i nüzûl, poem and dictionary are used too few throughout the book. Meanwhile that does not mean author is unaware of these sciences. Although author does not reveal his sources, his knowledge is very clear throughout the book. Dâmegânî comments the words under the knowledge of the Qur’an, rumor (riwayat) and dictionary. When we take the intellectual, scientific and theological developments of his time into consideration we have seen that Dâmegânî uses a clear style to make his comments and never involves the controversial subjects. He keeps the Ahl-a Sunnah way of thinking. Dâmegânî’s book with this content will enlarge scholars’ perspective being an important source for them to understand main concepts of Qur’an and especially to translate the Qur’an correctly
Shake Table Experiments and Numerical Simulation on the Effects of Damage and Strengthening on Dynamic Behavior of RC Frames
No full textThis study presents an investigation on the effects of damage and strengthening on the dynamic behavior of buildings. Forced vibration tests were carried out on the shake table of two 1/3 scale, 3D, 2-story, single-span reinforced concrete frame specimens produced in laboratory. The damage was created by weakening the joint areas. Then the damaged zones were repaired and strengthening methods using in-plane reinforced concrete shear walls and X-shaped steel diagonal bracings were applied. The aim here is to perform a dynamic-based performance evaluation of these two commonly used global systemic strengthening techniques in practice. A total of more than 105 forced vibration experiments were carried out under 4 different intensities of dynamic load in different conditions of the specimens. Dynamic parameters were determined with the experimental modal analysis method. Moreover, story displacements time history, base shears time history, base shear-top displacement hysteresis curves, and lateral translational stiffnesses were obtained. In addition, numerical analyses using ETABS finite element software were also conducted. As a result, it was observed that the damage reduced the lateral translational stiffnesses by about 50%, steel bracings increased the stiffness in the damaged condition by 147% and RC shear walls increased it by 381%. On average, the 1st natural frequency decreased by 36.5% in the damaged conditions, increased by 83% in the strengthened conditions compared to the damaged conditions. Strengthening of the members tends to limit the soft story behavior. In general, although its application is difficult, the best performance in all studied parameters was obtained from the specimen strengthened with in-plane reinforced concrete shear walls.This study was part of the doctoral dissertation of the first author accepted by KTUN Graduate Education Institute in 2024. The authors would like to thank the KTUN Coordinatorship of Instructor Training Programme for the collaboration.Konya Technical Universit
Kelam konularının kur’ân merkezli tartışılması bakımından Konevî’nin Beyzâvî tefsiri hâşiyesinde kesb nazariyesi
No full textİsmail Konevî Efendi Envâru’t-tenzîl hâşiyesinde ayetler bağlamında birçok kavram ve tartışmayı ele almıştır. Bunlar arasında kesb, hâşiyede sıklıkla vurgulanan bir nazariye olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Konevî doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak kulların fiilleriyle ilişkilendirdiği ayetleri kesb nazariyesi çerçevesinde te’vîl etmiş ve yaşadığı dönemin öne çıkan kaynak ve tartışmalarını hâşiyesine taşımıştır. Hâşiyede mezkûr konuya dair tefsir faaliyeti bir nazariye üzerinden sistemli ve çok boyutlu olarak yürütülmüştür.Bu çalışmada Konevî’nin Envâru’t-tenzîl hâşiyesinde, kesb nazariyesinin insan fiilleriyle ilgili ayetlerin yorumuna ne şekilde etki ettiği incelenmektedir. Müellifin bir teori çerçevesinde ayetleri yorumlarken hangi geleneği takip ettiği ve bu geleneğin Konevî’nin tercihlerine nasıl yansıdığı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu minvalde ilk olarak Konevî’nin hayatı ve eserleri, kesb nazariyesi ve nazariyenin tefsir tarihindeki izdüşümü ele alınmaktadır. Böylece Konevî’nin nazariyeyi tartışma biçimi ve benimsediği düşünce geleneği tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra Konevî’nin kesb nazariyesi ve ilgili tartışmaları hâşiyeye nasıl tatbik ettiği ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda Konevî’nin ayetleri son dönem Mâtürîdî düşünce geleneğine göre te’vîl ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle cüz’î irade konusunda söz konusu Mâtürîdî etkinin Sadrüşşerîa ve “Mukaddimât-ı Erbaa” ile öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Neticede kesb nazariyesinin hâşiye boyunca müellifin insan fiilleriyle ilgili ayetleri tefsir etme yönteminde ciddi bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Ismail Konawi deals with many concepts and debates in the context of verses in his Anwar al-Tanzeel hashiya. Among them, ‘kasb’ appears as a theory that is often emphasized in his hashiya. Konawi interpreted the verses that associates with human acts within the framework of the theory of kasb and examined the prominent sources and discussions of the period in which he lived. In his hashiya, the tafsir on the aforementioned subject is carried out in a systematic and multidimensional manner through a theory.In this research, the impact of kasb theory on the interpretation of the verses related to human acts is examined in Konawi’s Anwar al-Tanzeel hashiya. Which tradition the Konawi followed while interpreting the verses within the framework of a theory and what extent such tradition influenced the preferences of author is emphasized. In this regard, first the life and works of Konawi is presented, and then the theory of kasb and its reflection in the history of tafsir is discussed. Thus, the way in which Konawi discussed theory and the tradition of thought adopted by him has been found out. Thereafter, how Konawi applied the theory of kesb and related discussions to his hashiya is examined. Thereby it has been determined that Konawi explain the verses according to the post-classical Maturidite. Especially in the subject of will, it has been observed that the Maturidite effect becomes prominent with Sadr al-Sharia and “al-Mukaddimat al-Arba”. As a result, it has been found that the theory of kasb has a significant impact on the author's interpretation of the verses throughout the hashiye
Ebu Bekir İbnü'l-Arabi'nin Kur'an, tefsir ve Te'vil anlayışı
No full textZamanın geçmesiyle Kur’ân’ın anlaşılması noktasında birtakım problemlerle karşılaşılmıştır. Zamansal mesafe ve buna bağlı olarak değişen olgusal durumların yol açtığı problemlerlerle birlikte sabit kalan Kur’ân metnini muhafaza etmek te’vil faaliyeti aracılıyla sağlanmıştır. Te’vil faaliyeti, nassın rehberliğine başvurma imkânı sunarken, aynı zamanda en merkezi problemlerden biri haline de gelmiştir. Kur’ân’ın “ilâhî kelâm” vasfını taşıması, kendisini müslüman olarak niteleyenlerin meşruiyet arayışlarının merkezinde yer almasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Kur’ân metnini yorumlamak gayesiyle neden belirli bir yöntemin tercih edildiği, Kur’ân yorumunun esasında hangi problemin uzantısı niteliğinde olduğu sorularına Ebû Bekir İbnü’l-Arabî’nin (ö. 468/ 1076) Kur’ân ve te’vil anlayışı özelinde cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmada, Kânûnü’t-te’vîl’de önemle üzerinde durulan hususlar esas alınmakla birlikte, çoğu zaman müellifin diğer eserlerine müracaatla konu detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır. İki bölümden oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümünde İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Kur’ân tasavvuru ortaya konulmaya, ikinci bölümde te’vil probleminin esasında hangi problemin uzantısı niteliğinde olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak lafız-mana ilişkisi, akıl-nakil ilişkisi ve zâhir-bâtın kavramları çerçevesinde te’vil problemi ele alınmıştır.A number of problem is encountered concerning the understanding of the Quran in the course of time. Despite the fact that a lot of problems led by time period and phenomenal conditions depending on it are faced it has been possible to preserve the Quran Text thanks to Tawil activities. While the Tawil activities give a chance of consulting to the guidance of text, in the same time, it became one of the central problems. Having the characteristic of holiness gave rise the Quran to be in the center of sources that scholars seeing themselves as a Muslim refered to in their researc for their legitimacy. Throughout this work, it is searched for an answer to questions’ why a certain method is prefered in Quran commentary, and the continuation of which problem is the Quran commentary’ based upon Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi’s (d. 468/ 1076) Tawil understanding. Even though mostly emphisized issues in Kanun al-Tawil are dealt with in this work it is consulted and referred to other works of author as the occasion arises. This work consists of two sections, in one of which ıbn al-Arabi’s aproaching to the Quran has been tried to explain and in the second one it is tried to prove the problem of which the Tawil problem is occured. Depending on this, Tawil problem is discussed within the frame of word-meaning, reason-revelation relationship and implicit and explicit concepts
