450 research outputs found
Interview with Prof. Sara Markowitz at Emory University
No full textDr. Sara Markowitz is an Associate Professor of Economics at Emory University and Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Dr. Markowitz’s research interests are on the economics of healthy and unhealthy behaviors, with an emphasis on the health of children and adolescents. She publishes widely in general and specialty academic journals, and serves as an editor of the Southern Economic Journal. Her research has been featured in media publications such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Business Week. Markowitz has also won numerous research and teaching awards. She is a 1998 graduate of the PhD program in economics from the Graduate School of the City University of New York
sj-docx-1-mcr-10.1177_10775587221126777 – Supplemental material for Toward a Uniform Classification of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Laws
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-mcr-10.1177_10775587221126777 for Toward a Uniform Classification of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Laws by Benjamin J. McMichael and Sara Markowitz in Medical Care Research and Review</p
sj-csv-2-mcr-10.1177_10775587221126777 – Supplemental material for Toward a Uniform Classification of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Laws
No full textSupplemental material, sj-csv-2-mcr-10.1177_10775587221126777 for Toward a Uniform Classification of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Laws by Benjamin J. McMichael and Sara Markowitz in Medical Care Research and Review</p
The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse
No full textAlcohol consumption has been frequently linked to family violence. The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct relationship between the price of alcohol, which determines consumption, and violence towards spouses. The data come from the 1985 cross section and the 1985-1987 panel of the National Family Violence Survey. The 1985 data are a nationally representative sample while the panel oversamples violent individuals. Dichotomous indicators of severe violence towards wives and husbands are used. A reduced for violence equation is estimated, and individual-level fixed effects are used to control for unobserved characteristics in the panel. A consistent result that emerges from this paper is that an increase in the pure price of alcohol, as measured by a weighted average of the price of alcohol from beer, wine, and liquor, will serve to reduce severe violence aimed at wives. By contrast, the evidence on the propensity of an increase in the price of alcohol to lower violence towards husbands is mixed. When individual level characteristics are not controlled for, the price is not a predictor of violence towards men. However, once the individual traits are controlled for, a negative relationship between the price and violence emerges.
Alcohol Regulation and Violence on College Campuses
No full textThis study focuses on the effects of variations in alcoholic beverage prices among states of the United States on violence on college campuses. The principal hypothesis tested is that the incidence of violence is negatively related to the price of alcohol. This hypothesis is derived from two well established relationships: the positive relationship between alcohol and violence and the negative relationship between the use of alcohol and its price. The data employed in the study are the 1989, 1990, and 1991 Core Alcohol and Drug Surveys of College Students. They contain almost 120,000 college students from approximately 200 colleges and universities throughout the United States and have measures of alcohol use and the adverse consequences of its use. These adverse consequences include the following indicators of violence: getting in trouble with the police, residence hall, or other college authorities; damaging property or pulling a fire alarm; getting into an argument or a fight; and taking advantage of another person sexually or having been taken advantage of sexually. The principal finding is that the incidence of each of these four acts of violence is inversely related to the price of beer in the state in which the student attends college.
The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine the question of whether alcohol or drug use causes teenagers to engage in violent behaviors as measured by physical fighting, carrying a gun, or carrying other types of weapons. Simple OLS estimation of the effects of drug and alcohol consumption on violence may be biased because of the possibility that both behaviors are determined by unmeasured individual traits. Two-stage least squares estimates are employed to establish causality. This method first predicts consumption using the prices of beer, marijuana and cocaine and then enters predicted consumption in the violence equation. This technique allows the consumption measures to be purged of their correlation with unobserved characteristics. Data come from the National School-Based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, which are nationally representative samples of high school students. Results indicate that beer and marijuana consumption do cause teens to engage in more physical fights, while cocaine use appears to have no relationship. None of the substances lead to increased probabilities of carrying a gun or other weapon.
Markowitz model with constraints
No full textTitle: Markowitz model with constrains Author: Jan Němec Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Petr Lachout, CSc. Abstract: Composition of an optimal portfolio from available tradable comodities is very frequntly a discussed issue. One model, which considers not only the yield of the portfolio, but also its risk, is Markowitz model. Bachelor thesis will consider this ap- proach in cases when the searched portfolio is bounded with additional restrictions. This thesis will primarily address the constraints that are determined by legislation to conduct various banking entities investing in the stock market. Keywords: Markowitz model, portfolio constraints, banking regulation
Markowitz' porteføljeteori: En tidsbasert analyse av porteføljeoptimalisering i Python
No full textFormålet med oppgaven er å se på hvordan optimale porteføljer basert på Markowitz sin teori endres over tid. Dette gjøres ved å svare på følgende problemstilling: Hvordan presterer Markowitz’ moderne porteføljeteori over tid? For å besvare problemstillingen vil det bygges porteføljer på data fra 2011 til 2020, og deretter sammenlignes med porteføljer for perioden 2020 til 2023.
Ved sammenligning av porteføljene brukes deres Sharpe ratio til prestasjonsmåling. I tillegg blir de optimale porteføljene sammenlignet med en likevektet portefølje. De optimale porteføljene baseres på Markowitz (1952) sin teori, hvor en portefølje minimerer risiko, neste maksimerer Sharpe ratio, tredje benytter en bestemt risiko, og fjerde benytter et bestemt avkastningskrav. Felles for alle porteføljene er at det tas utgangspunkt i 50 aksjer på Nasdaq- markedet ved porteføljebygging. For å diversifisere er aksjene fordelt på følgende fem sektorer: teknologi, forbrukerdiskresjonær, forbruksvarer, industri og energi. I tillegg tas det hensyn til aksjenes korrelasjons- og betaverdier.
En likevektet portefølje som ikke var optimalisert, presterte på nivå med flere av porteføljene som var optimalisert i henhold til Markowitz sin teori. Dette svekker en påstand om at Markowitz’ optimale porteføljer presterer bedre over tid enn tilfeldige porteføljer. Årsaken til dette kan være at Markowitz porteføljeoptimering baserer seg på historiske data og vet ikke noe om fremtidens utvikling. Uforutsette hendelser kan dermed være kritiske for prestasjonen til Markowitz sin teori. Ved en mer dynamisk praktisering av Markowitz’ teori kan det føre til et større skille fra porteføljer som ikke er optimalisert.The purpose of the thesis is to look at how optimal portfolios based on Markowitz’s theory change over time, by answering the following question: How does Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory perform over time? To answer the problem statement, portfolios will be built on data from 2011 to 2020, and then compared with portfolios for the period 2020 to 2023.
When comparing the portfolios, their Sharpe ratio is used to measure performance. In addition, the optimal portfolios are compared with an equally weighted portfolio. The optimal portfolios are based on Markowitz’s (1952) theory, where one portfolio minimizes risk, the next maximizes the Sharpe ratio, the third uses a specific risk, and the fourth uses a specific return requirement. All the portfolios have in common that they use 50 shares on the Nasdaq market as a starting point when building the portfolios. To diversify, the shares are divided into the following five sectors: technology, consumer discretionary, consumer goods, industrials, and energy. In addition, the shares’ correlation and beta values are considered.
A balanced portfolio that was not optimized performed on par with several of the portfolios that were optimized based on Markowitz’ theory. This weakens a statement that Markowitz’ optimal portfolios perform better over time than random portfolios. The reason for this may be that Markowitz’ portfolio optimization is based on historical data and does not know anything about future developments. Unforeseen events can thus be critical to the performance of Markowitz’ theory. A more dynamic application of Markowitz’ theory can lead to a greater separation from portfolios that are not optimized
Even For Teenagers, Money Does Not Grow on Trees: Teenage Substance Use and Budget Constraints
No full textThis paper is about the spending choices of youth, with a particular focus on how the demand for cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana are influenced by changes in the prices of other products. Youth tend to have small incomes and limited wants, with the result that many students spend the bulk of their income on only a few items. Fast food, clothing and entertainment make up the majority of products purchased by teenagers. The hypothesis to be tested in this project is that changes in the prices of the other goods commonly bought by teenagers will affect budget allocations and thereby affect the demand for substances. We estimate own and cross price effects using the prices of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and other consumer products including gasoline, clothing, entertainment, and fast food. Income effects are also estimated and show that teens with higher incomes and allowances are more likely to use substances. The policy implications of the results are discussed.
The Effects of Alcohol Regulation on Physical Child Abuse
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of alcohol regulation on physical child abuse. Given the established relationship between alcohol consumption and violence, the principal hypothesis to be tested is that an increase in the price of alcohol will lead to a reduction in the incidence of violence. We also examine the effects of measures of the ease of obtaining alcohol, illegal drug prices, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the parent on the incidence of child abuse. Data on violence come from the 1976 and 1985 Physical Violence in American Families surveys. We estimate a reduced form model where violence is affected by the state excise tax rate on beer and other regulatory variables, and a structural model where violence is determined partly by consumption. Both equations are estimated separately for mothers and fathers. Results indicate that increases in the beer tax may decrease the incidence of violence committed by females but not by males. This is consistent with our second finding that violence by females increases with alcohol consumption while violence by males is not sensitive to changes in consumption.
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