1,720,969 research outputs found
The interactional competence of aphasic speakers in speech therapy sessions
No full textThis paper deals with interactions between people affected with aphasia and speech therapists during speech therapy consultations. It analyses specific sequences that show how interactional competence is deployed by the aphasic speaker. After having been traditionally approached by experimental studies, aphasia, during the last decades, has been the focus of a growing number of Conversation Analytical researches, that has shown the importance of examining naturally occurring interactions between patient and speech therapist, as well as between patient and family members (Wilkinson et al. 1998). This has permitted to analyse the linguistic deficiencies that define aphasia not in a vacuum but in a context of interaction in which the patient realises, in a socially adequate way and in collaboration with the interlocutor(s), the activities in which (s)he is engaged. Moving from an “internal” view of competence based on the individual speaker towards a notion of competence as socially distributed and collaboratively built (Goodwin 1995, 2004), these studies have demonstrated that, despite the deeply reduced linguistic resources at her/his disposal, the aphasic speaker can indeed participate in interaction as a competent speaker and interlocutor (Ulatowska et al. 1976; Damico et al. 1995; Laakso 1997; Ferguson 1998; Goodwin 2003; Oelschlaeger & Damico 2003; Helasvuo et al. 2004; Cruz 2006; Barnes et al. 2013). Our research pursues these issues, focusing on the way in which, in speech therapy sessions, and despite her/his limited linguistics resources, the aphasic speaker deploys, through his audible and visible conduct, strategies for initiating actions and eventually counterbalancing an asymmetric distribution of competences, rights and obligations. These initiatives concern the organisation of the activity and particularly the transition between different activities within the session, or different moments within the same activity (the patient can stop, exploit or favour these transitions, introducing for instance new topics of conversation). They are also related to the management of intersubjectivity and the way the patient initiates repair on actions and turns performed by the speech therapist, correcting personal information or repairing a misunderstanding. The research is based on a corpus (approx. 25 hours) of speech therapy sessions video-recorded in a French-speaking region of Switzerland
Coordination, attention visuelle et gestes professionnels dans la rééducation de l’aphasie, Sara Merlino, 2021
No full textAuteur Sara Merlino, Université de Rome III Résumé par l'auteure Dans cette contribution, nous nous focalisons sur des interactions entre personnes aphasiques et orthophonistes au cours des séances de rééducation de la parole. En soulignant la nature interactive et multimodale des activités thérapeutiques, notre étude se penche sur des phénomènes de coordination et d’établissement et négociation de l’attention visuelle. L’analyse porte sur une collection d’extraits dans lesquels le thérapeut..
Communicative dynamics of testing in clinical and therapeutic encounters
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the communicative dynamics of tests administered in order to assess linguistic and cognitive abilities (e.g. the Mini-Mental State, Folstein & Folstein, 1975, or naming tests, Kaplan et al., 2001). By using the methodological and theoretical approach of Conversation Analysis, we consider testing as a form of social interaction and their results as a collaborative accomplishment between the patients and the clinicians/therapists who administer them (Marlaire & Maynard, 1990; Schegloff, 2003; Wilkinson, 2013). By focusing on the initial phase of testing activities, we analyze the way test instructions and questions are delivered by the health professionals and on how they are understood and responded by patients (for variability in interaction of standardized protocols, see Jones et al., 2020).
The analyses are based on a 12-hours corpus of video-recordings of doctor-patient and speech-language therapist-patient interactions. The data was collected in Brazil and France as part of two projects investigating the dynamics of clinical and therapeutic interactions. The languages involved are Brazilian Portuguese and French. The interactions were transcribed following the multimodal transcription conventions developed by Mondada (2018).
Through a detailed analysis of the sequential organization of these interactions, we identify moments in which the initial instructions and test questions are either repeated, reformulated or modified by the therapist, or checked and assessed by the patient him/herself. Moreover, we consider not only the verbal dimension of testing, but also their entire ecology - the setting, the material environment (objects), the embodied resources (postures, gestures, gazes) – and we show how these resources contribute to build the intelligibility of the test.
The results pave the way for distinguishing difficulties of the patients in responding to the test contents from difficulties related to how instructions are designed and tests organized. Implications for how health professionals interpret patients’ results are finally discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
