1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Exploring the influence of abiotic factors on the community structure and antimicrobial resistance spread in the insect gut microbiome
No full textThis PhD thesis research project is aimed at studying the influence of different abiotic factors on the gut microbial community of insects, with a focus on the structure of the gut microbiome and on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The research project will focus on the study of the influence of the diet and of different categories of pesticides on the gut microbial community structure and on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread in beneficial insects.
Studio dell’influenza di fattori abiotici sulla struttura della comunità microbica intestinale e sulla diffusione della resistenza agli antimicrobici nel microbioma intestinale degli insetti
Questo progetto di tesi di Dottorato è volto allo studio dell’influenza di diversi fattori abiotici sul microbioma intestinale degli insetti, considerando in particolare la struttura della comunità microbica intestinale e la diffusione di geni di resistenza agli antibiotici. Il progetto sarà focalizzato sullo studio dell’influenza della dieta e di diverse categorie di agrofarmaci sulla struttura della comunità microbica intestinale e sulla diffusione della resistenza agli antimicrobici in insetti benefici.
1. State-of-the-Art
The gut microbiome of insects has a wide range of important roles, contributing to the development of the host, to its nutrition, and physiology (Engel and Moran, 2013). The gut microbial community of insects can be influenced by different factors, such as the developmental stage of the insect, the degree of sociality, the dietary regime and the environmental conditions (Engel and Moran, 2013). For example, Chandler et al. (2011) studied the effect of different diets on the composition of the gut microbiome of wild and laboratory-reared Drosophila melanogaster specimens and found that the host diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the gut bacterial community of the insect. Certain factors can lead to a condition of dysbiosis: in fact, it has been recently pointed out that the exposure to pesticides may cause perturbations in the insect gut microbiome, therefore compromising insect health (Motta and Moran, 2020). This aspect is especially relevant for pollinators, such as honey bees and bumble bees, which could be directly exposed to a wide variety of xenobiotics during foraging activities (Motta et al., 2018). Moreover, Qiu et al. (2022) found that that pesticides could have a role in enhancing antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms and that pesticides exposure promotes the spread of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, mainly through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This mechanism could be relevant for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance at different environmental levels (Qiu et al., 2022).
Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids can be involved in HGT: it is important to consider that plasmid persistence is more probable in communities with higher levels of bacterial diversity (Brockhurst and Harrison, 2022). Hence, it would be interesting to study the response of the gut microbiome of insects in terms of bacterial diversity and correlate that to plasmid-mediated HGT.
In general, up to now the influence of abiotic factors on HGT in the insect gut has been poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this PhD thesis research project will be to gain a better understanding of the impact of different abiotic factors on the insect gut microbiome and of the effect of these abiotic factors on HGT and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination within the insect gut microbiome. The model insect Drosophila melanogaster will be considered, for its ease of rearing and manipulation under laboratory conditions, together with beneficial insects such as the most important crop pollinator, Apis mellifera, and other less characterized insect pollinators.
2. PhD Thesis Objectives and Milestones
Within the overall objective mentioned above this PhD thesis project can be subdivided into the following activities according to the Gantt diagram given in Table 1:
A1) Study of the influence of abiotic factors on the structure of the gut microbial community of Drosophila melanogaster, the honeybee Apis mellifera and other insect pollinators:
The gut microbial community of insects will be studied through quantitative PCR analyses on 16S rRNA gene, to evaluate if the abiotic factors cause a shift in the abundance of gut bacteria of the insects. A metataxonomic analysis on 16S rRNA gene will be also performed to observe any possible shift in the composition of bacterial community.
A2) Resistome profile characterization:
An initial survey for the presence of specific antibiotic resistance genes through quantitative PCR on field-collected pollinators will be conducted to obtain their resistome profile. Other molecular techniques (e.g. ResistoMap) will be also used to detect a wider range of antibiotic resistance genes.
A3) HGT experiments:
Conjugation experiments will be carried out to study the spread of antibiotic resistance genes: initially, the gut microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster specimens will be considered for in vitro and in vivo conjugation experiments. Then, conjugation experiments will be optimized for the gut bacterial communities of pollinators.
A4) Writing and Editing of the PhD thesis, scientific papers and oral and poster communications.
Table 1 Gantt diagram for the PhD thesis project in the next two years.
Activity Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
A1) Study of the influence of abiotic factors on the insect gut microbiome
1) Evaluation of gut bacterial abundance
2) Evaluation of taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome
A2) Resistome profile of pollinators
1) qPCR analyses on ARGs
2) Analysis of ResistoMap output
A3) HGT experiments
1) Conjugation set-up with D. melanogaster
2) Conjugation experiments on pollinators
A4) Thesis and Paper preparation
3. Selected References
Brockhurst MA, Harrison E (2022) Ecological and evolutionary solutions to the plasmid paradox, Trends Microbiol 30(6): 534-543.
Chandler JA, Morgan Lang J, Bhatnagar S, Eisen JA, Kopp A (2011) Bacterial Communities of Diverse Drosophila Species: Ecological Context of a Host-Microbe Model System, PLoS Genet 7 (9): 1-18.
Engel P, Moran NA (2013) The gut microbiota of insects – diversity in structure and function, FEMS Microbiol Rev 37: 699-735.
Motta EVS, Raymann K, Moran NA (2018) Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees, PNAS 115 (41): 10305-10310.
Motta EVS, Moran NA (2020) Impact of Glyphosate on the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota: Effects of Intensity, Duration, and Timing of Exposure, mSystems 5 (4): 1-16.
Qiu D, Ke M, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Lu T, Sun L, Qian H (2022) Response of microbial antibiotic resistance to pesticides: An emerging health threat, Sci Total Environ 850: 1-8
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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