1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Etude d'un modèle d'équations couplées Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn en séparation de phase
No full textThis thesis is a theoretical study of a coupled system of equations of Cahn-Hilliard and Allen-Cahn that represents phase separation of binary alloys. The main goal of this study is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solution in terms of exponential/global attractors. For this reason, the existence and unicity of the solution are first studied. One of the most important applications of this proposed model of equations is crystallography. In the first part of the thesis, the system is studied with boundary conditions of Dirichlet type and a regular nonlinearity (a polynomial). There, we prove the existence of an exponential attractor that leads to the existence of a global attractor of finite dimension. Then, a singular nonlinearity (a logarithmic potential) is considered in the second part. This function is approximated by a sequence of regular ones and a global attractor is found.At the end, the system of equations is coupled with temperature: with the Fourrier law in the first case, then with the type III law (in the context of thermoelasticity) in the second case. The dynamics of the equations are studied and the existence of an exponential attractor is obtained.Cette thèse est une étude théorique d’un système d’équations de Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn couplées qui représente un mélange binaire en séparation de phase. Le but principal de l’étude est le comportement asymptotique des solutions en termes d’attracteurs exponentiels/globaux. Pour cette raison, l’existence et l’unicité de la solution sont étudiées tout d’abord. Une des principales applications de ce modèle d’équations est la cristallographie.Dans la première partie de la thèse, on examine le modèle proposé avec des conditions de type Dirichlet sur le bord et une non linéarité régulière de type polynomial : on réussit à trouver un attracteur exponentiel et par conséquence un attracteur global de dimension finie. Une non linéarité singulière de type logarithmique est ensuite prise dans la deuxième partie, cette fonction étant approchée par une suite de fonctions régulières et l’existence d’un attracteur global est démontrée sous des conditions au bord de type Dirichlet.Enfin, dans la dernière partie, le système est couplé avec une équation pour la température: suivant la loi de Fourrier premièrement, puis la loi de type III de la thermo-élasticité. Dans les deux cas, la dynamique de l’équation est étudiée et un attracteur exponentiel est trouvé malgré la difficulté créée par l’équation hyperbolique dans le deuxième cas
Conjunction Search Onset Following Single-Feature Preview: Equating Visual Transients
Get PDFWhat happens to visual selection if the features of objects in a scene are viewed incrementally rather than simultaneously? According to Olds et al. (2009), it depends upon which feature is presented first. Olds et al. (2009) used the feature-preview search paradigm to cue conjunction search items by presenting observers with a preview display that contained 1 of 2 features for all of the search items. Prior exposure to some features facilitated subsequent visual selection more than prior exposure to others; overall, size-preview offered the greatest search facilitation, followed by color-preview, and lastly, orientation-preview. Some feature-preview conditions, however, contained luminance transients, while others did not. In the present study, we equated relative differences in luminance onsets, across the different feature-preview conditions in order to determine whether or not feature-preview effects are mediated by luminance transients. The general pattern of results obtained by Olds et al. (2009) was replicated and different featurepreviews continued to have differential effects on subsequent search; relative differences in luminance transients did not mediate feature-preview effects. Alternative theories are proposed and discussed
Monitoring Accuracy Across Domains of General Knowledge and Emotional Face Recognition
Get PDFConfidence and its accuracy have been most commonly examined in domains such as general knowledge and learning, and have been rarely studied in social domains. The current study extends the study of metacognitive monitoring accuracy in an academic context, to metacognitive monitoring accuracy in a social context. Monitoring accuracy indices, both calibration and discrimination, were examined for emotional face recognition in 136 university students through an experimental task paradigm developed by Kelly and Metcalfe (2011). To examine whether monitoring accuracy is stable within individuals and across tasks that represent diverse areas, metacognitive monitoring for emotional face recognition was compared to metacognitive monitoring for general knowledge. In addition, correlations between monitoring accuracy and cognitive abilities (intellectual ability and working memory), several aggregated judgments regarding each task as a whole (ratings of predicted and postdictive performance, difficulty, and effort required), as well as self-perceptions relating to social anxiety, empathic ability, differentiation of emotions, and emotion regulation skills were explored. Calibration, but not resolution, was positively correlated across tasks, reflecting a person-centered trait. Cognitive abilities were predictive of monitoring accuracy across tasks, while other task-specific judgments and self-perception variables demonstrated specific associations with monitoring accuracy for emotional face recognition. Monitoring accuracy for emotional face recognition was not predictive of self-reported social-emotional challenges. Overall, study findings support that calibration and resolution are separate indicators of monitoring accuracy, both relevant for understanding metacognitive monitoring in a social domain
Temporal Discounting Preferences as an Index of Rational Thinking
Get PDFTemporal discounting refers to a preference for smaller sooner rewards over larger delayed rewards. We explored temporal discounting as a construct of rational thinking in emerging adults. In Study One, we examined individual differences in temporal discounting using three paradigms. In Study Two, we examined whether providing explanations to wait for larger rewards and to respond consistently would result in more willingness to wait and greater response consistency. Willingness to wait was associated with higher intellectual ability and various thinking dispositions, especially during choices with high rates of return. When provided with reasons to choose delayed rewards and to choose consistently, a significant proportion of individuals displayed increased willingness to wait and response consistency. Results suggest that temporal discounting preferences may be a useful index of rational decision-making. Broader implications of our results are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Study of a coupled Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn system in phase separation
No full textCette thèse est une étude théorique d’un système d’équations de Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn couplées qui représente un mélange binaire en séparation de phase. Le but principal de l’étude est le comportement asymptotique des solutions en termes d’attracteurs exponentiels/globaux. Pour cette raison, l’existence et l’unicité de la solution sont étudiées tout d’abord. Une des principales applications de ce modèle d’équations est la cristallographie.Dans la première partie de la thèse, on examine le modèle proposé avec des conditions de type Dirichlet sur le bord et une non linéarité régulière de type polynomial : on réussit à trouver un attracteur exponentiel et par conséquence un attracteur global de dimension finie. Une non linéarité singulière de type logarithmique est ensuite prise dans la deuxième partie, cette fonction étant approchée par une suite de fonctions régulières et l’existence d’un attracteur global est démontrée sous des conditions au bord de type Dirichlet.Enfin, dans la dernière partie, le système est couplé avec une équation pour la température: suivant la loi de Fourrier premièrement, puis la loi de type III de la thermo-élasticité. Dans les deux cas, la dynamique de l’équation est étudiée et un attracteur exponentiel est trouvé malgré la difficulté créée par l’équation hyperbolique dans le deuxième cas.This thesis is a theoretical study of a coupled system of equations of Cahn-Hilliard and Allen-Cahn that represents phase separation of binary alloys. The main goal of this study is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solution in terms of exponential/global attractors. For this reason, the existence and unicity of the solution are first studied. One of the most important applications of this proposed model of equations is crystallography. In the first part of the thesis, the system is studied with boundary conditions of Dirichlet type and a regular nonlinearity (a polynomial). There, we prove the existence of an exponential attractor that leads to the existence of a global attractor of finite dimension. Then, a singular nonlinearity (a logarithmic potential) is considered in the second part. This function is approximated by a sequence of regular ones and a global attractor is found.At the end, the system of equations is coupled with temperature: with the Fourrier law in the first case, then with the type III law (in the context of thermoelasticity) in the second case. The dynamics of the equations are studied and the existence of an exponential attractor is obtained
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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