1,720,977 research outputs found
Potential of elateriospermum tapos blume in ameliorating maternal metabolic syndrome on female offspring of sprague dawley rats through the hypothalamic feeding circuitry
Get PDFMaternal obesity is often related to balancing daily lifestyle intake of high-fat diet
or western diet. This will affect endogenously on altering the daily activity of
metabolism and lead to childhood obesity. The central nervous system (CNS)
plays a vital role in regulating food intake and energy usage to maintain the
energy balance in the body. Specifically, the hypothalamus monitors and
response to the peripheral signal such as Neuropeptide Y (NPY),
proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and leptin receptor (Obr), which involve feeding
circuitry organisms. Elateriospermum tapos (E.tapos) known as buah perah
locally and contain flavonoid in seed and shell which help reduce body weight.
This study investigates the effect of E. tapos supplementation on female
offspring through hypothalamic feeding circuitry. Thirty adult female Sprague
Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Six rats assigned as a control group
(DCG) were fed with standard chow, and 24 rats were assigned to an obese
group with a high-fat diet (HFD) and cafeteria food to generate obesity for five
weeks. HFD rats were later assigned as negative group (DNG), positive group
(DPG) with 200mg/kg of orlistat drug, treatment 1 (DTX1) with 200
mg/kg E.tapos seed, and treatment 2 (DTX2) with 200 mg/kg E.tapos shell daily
for six weeks. Female rats were mated and culled at postnatal day 21 (PND21).
Organs, blood, and brain were collected for analysis. Dams from the DTX2 group
slightly reduced body weight and retroperitoneal whited adipose tissue (RpWAT)
compared to the DNG group. Their offspring from treatment 2 (OTX2) offspring;
show the same effect at mother dams. Total cholesterol levels among DTX2 and
OTX2 show a significant decrease (p<0.05) in dams and offspring. The
atherosclerotic lesion was present in group DTX1, DTX2, offspring from
treatment 1 (OTX1), and OTX2 compared to DNG and offspring from negative
(ONG) group rats. Liver profile on alanine transaminase and aspartate
transaminase level show significant changes (p<0.05) among all dams and
offspring. Histopathological grading of the liver section of DNG, ONG, and
offspring from positive (OPG) displayed the presence of ballooning hepatocytes.
Histology of RpWAT of DTX1, DTX2, OTX1, and OTX2 showed normal
adipocytes with a similar pattern of DCG and offspring from the control (OCG)
group. Plasma leptin shows significant changes (p<0.05) among DTX2 and
OTX2 compared to DNG and ONG groups. Expression of protein OBR, POMC,
and NPY was analyzed using a western blot. Results show that the expression
in DNG and ONG from this protein is more prominent than in other groups. In
conclusion, the E.tapos shell had a more significant effect on ameliorating
maternal obesity on female offspring at PND21 than the E.tapos seed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Toxicity evaluation of instant coffee via zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo acute toxicity test
Get PDFCoffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. However, the safety level of some instant pre-mixed coffees available in Malaysia is questionable as there have been reports of adverse effects and psychoactive chemical contents. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity level of instant coffee sold around Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 13 types of instant coffees were collected and the toxicity assessed through zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo acute toxicity test (ZFET). The survival rate, hatching rate, heartbeat rate, and scoliosis were observed. Data were analyzed using linear regression and one-way ANOVA. The LC50 was calculated and was compared with the positive control and LC50 of caffeine. Four coffee samples did not exhibit an effect on zebrafish survival rate; however the rest of the coffee samples caused death in zebrafish. Three coffee samples namely samples 11, 12 and 13 caused a very low hatching rate. A normal heartbeat rate for zebrafish is between 120 to 170 beat per minute which was similar in zebrafish of both the control group and those exposed to coffee samples 4 and 10. The rest of the coffee samples caused an abnormally low range of heartbeat per minute. There was no scoliosis observed in this study. In a nutshell, this study suggests that some of the pre-mixed coffee has the potential to cause health problems due to the toxic reaction of an anonymous compound that could be toxic to humans
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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