1,721,248 research outputs found
Determination of film thickness and surface profile using reflectometry and spectrally resolved phase shifting interferometry
No full textSurface profiling and film thickness measurement play an important role for inspection in semi conductor industry. White light source had been used as scanning white light interferometry and spectrally resolved white light interferometry for determining surface and film thickness profile. These techniques however failed for thinner film. Recently, reflectometry and spectrally resolved white light interferometry was combined for the same. This technique used Fourier Transform for the calculation of phase in spectral domain with the use of Linnik interferometer. In this method a large amount of carrier offset (carrier fringes) is required to be effective. This carrier fringes in spectrally resolved white light interferometry was achieved by increasing the optical path difference between the test and the reference surface. But, Linnik interferometer cause defocusing problem to create these carrier fringes. We propose in this paper to combine reflectometry and spectrally resolved phase shifting interferometry for measurement of surface and film thickness profile with the use of Michelson objective. Michelson objective will be convenient to implement as compared to the Linnik type and the use of phase shifting interferometry does not necessarily need large number of fringes in the spectral domain
Customer coping behaviour during service failures: The role of self-efficacy and failure severity: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Failure Severity
No full textDue to the complexity of services, service failures are inevitable events for service organisations and can make customers dissatisfied and willing to switch. When these events occur, organisations often attempt service recovery. Notwithstanding, recovery efforts do not always reduce customer discontentment and restore repatronage intentions. This is attributed to other factors outside the firm’s control, including how customers cope with service failures. Some customers cope with equanimity, whilst others vent their frustration and anger by complaining and generating negative word-of-mouth. Service failures are stressful and emotion-laden events, which trigger coping processes; thus, understanding these processes is vital for service organisations. However, evidence in this research area is rather sparse. This study investigates the role of individual characteristics and situational factors in shaping customer coping with service failures. In particular, the study examines how self-efficacy and failure severity, and their interaction, influence customer coping mechanisms in the context of failed health services. In the healthcare sector, patient safety is a priority for health service providers. Yet, ensuring patient safety is challenging. Medical errors occur frequently, with serious consequences for patient health and the finances of health service providers. The healthcare sector, therefore, provides a timely and relevant context for examining customer coping. The study employed a scenario-based experiment. For data collection, a self-administered questionnaire was designed embedding a scenario of a customer experience of service failure with a private US healthcare service provider. Two versions of the same questionnaire were designed based on the manipulation of failure severity set at two levels, high and low. Prior to the main study, a pilot test was conducted (n = 30) in order to establish the ecological and internal validity of findings. In the main study, respondents included a convenience sample of US consumers using a private healthcare service provider (n = 113). For data analysis, linear and moderated regression analyses were conducted. The study’s findings reveal that individuals high in self-efficacy are inclined to use their individual capabilities to actively attempt to find a solution, especially when health service failures are low in severity. When failures are severe, on the other hand, customers foresee the lack of capability to resolve the failure, thereby engaging less in active coping. Further, results show that customers high in self-efficacy rarely engage in denial coping, thereby avoiding that the service failure even happened. The study makes two important theoretical contributions. First, it investigates customer coping in the private healthcare service context, which has been largely overlooked in past research. Second, it demonstrates how self-efficacy differentially impacts customer coping strategies depending on the level of failure severity. From a managerial perspective, the study’s findings indicate that some customers are keen to be actively involved in the recovery process, especially in the context of high involvement health services. Service providers could identify efficacious customers and engage them in co-created service recovery. Further, employees could be trained to deal with different types of customer coping behaviour
dataset of Flow Velocity Prediction in Vegetated Alluvial Channels Comparing Empirical and State-of-the-art Hybrid Machine Learning Models
No full textWe compiled 447 datasets from different sources and lab- and field-based measurements. These datasets included Einstein and Banks (1950), Fenzl (1962), Kouwen et al. (1969), Ree and Crow (1977), Murota (1984), Tsujimoto and Kitamura (1990), Tsujimoto (1991), Tsujimoto (1993), Shimizu (1994), Dunn et al. (1996), Ikeda and Kanazawa (1996), Meijer (1998), Jarvela (2002), Rowinski and Kubrak (2002), Stone and Shen (2002), Poggi et al. (2004), Carollo et al. (2005), and Murphy et al. (2007)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nestlé in Mexico:The Good Food Versus The Good Life Dilemma
No full textThis case addresses the fine balancing act that Nestlé had to perform when managing the expectations of its stakeholders. On one hand, the company had to answer the calls addressed by its secondary stakeholders—such as non-governmental organizations and activist groups—and make addressing childhood obesity one of its main corporate communication messages. Simultaneously, Nestlé had to continue to promote sales of its high calorific products and satisfy its primary stakeholders, such as its stockholders or current consumers. This case study explores the dilemma that Nestle was confronted with when choosing how to answer the pressures and expectations of these distinct groups. The intricate intertwining of potentially non-overlapping goals, strategies and ethical conflicts are explored, with a focus on the company’s marketing communication strategy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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