251 research outputs found
Incorporation of curcumin in lipid based delivery systems and assessment of its bioaccessibility
No full textCurcumin, the major curcuminoid compound from turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a well-studied nutraceutical with many health promoting biological properties. The benefits of curcumin greatly dependon its solubilization (bioaccessibility) and subsequent absorption through cell lining so that it can reach systemic/general circulation. Unfortunately, curcumin has low water solubility and undergoes rapid metabolism on oral delivery. Lipids have shown to affect the absorption of poorly soluble nutraceuticals such as curcumin by enhancing solubilization in the intestinal milieu through alterations to the composition and character of the colloidal environment –e.g. vesicles, mixed micelles and micelles when delivered orally. Thus, the purpose ofthis study was to formulate threelipid-based delivery systems with curcuminoids –gel like emulsions, nanoemulsions andorganogels, and investigate their impact on in vitro solubilization or bioaccessibility. Curcumin was dissolved in MC T oil with the help of Span 20 to be used as the lipid phase. Gel-like emulsions, nanoemulsions andorganogelswere then formulated using the curcumin-MCT oil lipid phase using different types of sugar esters as organogelators and emulsifiers. The organogels and gel-like emulsions are viscoelastic in naturewith a solid dominant behaviorwhich was supported by the rheological data. Optical and fluorescence microscopic imaging helped understand the morphology ofcurcumin inthe lipidbased delivery systemsas well as the systems themselves. Digital scanning calorimetry was used to study the phase transitionsthat occurin the systems. The bioaccessibilityof the different lipid based delivery systemswas evaluated using in vitrolipolysis experiments (dynamic pH stat lipid digestion model). Results suggest that lipid based delivery systems have more bioaccessibility when compared to that of unformulated curcuminoids. The bioaccessibility of curcumin increased at least 6.4 folds when it was incorporated in a lipid based delivery system as compared to unformulated curcuminoids.O ut of the three systems tested, gel-like emulsions had the highest stability and thus can be good candidate for incorporation and delivery of curcumin.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Kavitakumari H. Solank
Nanotechnology-based approaches for regenerative medicine and biosensing
No full textThe recent emergence of nanotechnology has set high expectations in many fields of science, especially in biology and medicine. Nanotechnology-based approaches are expected to solve key questions in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine essentially deals with regeneration of cells, ultimately leading to the formation of tissues and organs. For this purpose, stem cells, embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells, are thought to be ideal resources. However, many challenges need to be addressed before the full therapeutic potential of stem cells can be harnessed. Controlling the differentiation of stem cells into cells of a specific lineage is extremely vital and challenging. Addressing this challenge, in this work, novel nanotechnology-based approaches for controlling the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons has been presented. Regeneration of damaged neurons, due to traumatic injuries or degenerative diseases, is extremely challenging. For this purpose, NSCs can be used as resources that can differentiate into neurons, thus having great potential in solving needs of many patients suffering from such conditions. For controlling the differentiation of stem cells, soluble cues (comprising of small molecules and biomolecules) and insoluble cues (cell-cell interactions and cell-microenvironment interactions) play a very important role. The delivery of soluble cues, such as genetic material, into stem cells is extremely challenging. The initial part of this work presents the use of nanomaterials for efficiently delivering soluble cues such as small molecules and small interfering RNA (siRNA) into NSCs for controlling their differentiation into neurons. However, for regenerative purposes, it is preferred that least amounts of the delivery vehicle be used. Thus, the following part of the thesis presents the development and applications of nanotechnology-based approaches for enhancing the differentiation of NSCs into neurons using insoluble cues. The cellular microenviroment, consisting for the extracellular matrix (ECM) was modified by the use of nanostructures, to deliver siRNA into NSCs to enhance neuronal differentiation. Nanotopography-mediated reverse uptake of only the siRNA molecules from the ECM was achieved by the NSCs. NSC differentiation was also controlled by the use of protein micropatterns, wherein the pattern geometry and size defined the fate of the NSCs. Lastly, graphene, in combination with nanoparticles was used as component of the ECM to not only enhance the differentiation of NSCs into neurons, but also align the axons of the differentiated NSCs, having significant implications for its use in regenerating injured spinal cords. The final portion of the thesis presents the applications of nanotechnology for developing highly sensitive and selective biosensors, for detecting biomarkers implicated in various diseases such as cancer and acute pancreatitis.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Aniruddh P. Solank
Vedic Vibrational Healing: First of its Kind Unconventional Healing System -Non-Intrusive-Highly Efficacious
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Atomic scale investigation of grain boundary structure role on intergranular deformation in aluminium
No full textabstract: The role that grain boundary (GB) structure plays on the directional asymmetry of an intergranular crack (i.e. cleavage behaviour is favoured along one direction, while ductile behaviour along the other direction of the interface) was investigated using atomistic simulations for aluminium 〈1 1 0〉 symmetric tilt GBs. Middle-tension (M(T)) and Mode-I crack propagation specimens were used to evaluate the predictive capability of the Rice criterion. The stress–strain response of the GBs for the M(T) specimens highlighted the importance of the GB structure. The observed crack tip behaviour for certain GBs (Σ9 (2 2 1), Σ11 (3 3 2) and Σ33 (4 4 1)) with the M(T) specimen displayed an absence of directional asymmetry which is in disagreement with the Rice criterion. Moreover, in these GBs with the M(T) specimen, the dislocation emission from a GB source at a finite distance ahead of the crack tip was observed rather than from the crack tip, as suggested by the Rice criterion. In an attempt to understand discrepancy between the theoretical predictions and atomistic observations, the effect of boundary conditions (M(T), Mode-I and the edge crack) on the crack tip events was examined and it was concluded that the incipient plastic events observed were strongly influenced by the boundary conditions (i.e. activation of dislocation sources along the GB, in contrast to dislocation nucleation directly from the crack tip). In summary, these findings provide new insights into crack growth behaviour along GB interfaces and provide a physical basis for examining the role of the GB character on incipient event ahead of a crack tip and interface properties, as an input to higher scale models.This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published as Adlakha, I., Bhatia, M. A., Tschopp, M. A., & Solanki, K. N. (2014). Atomic scale investigation of grain boundary structure role on intergranular deformation in aluminium. PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE, 94(30), 3445-3466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.961585. Copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786435.2014.96158
Development of Sensor Component for Terrain Evaluation and Obstacle Detection for an Unmanned Off-Road Autonomous Vehicle
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Author′s reply for comment on "positive end-expiratory pressure valve malfunctioning detected by capnographic and airway pressure waveform"
No full textIncremental Maintenance of a Materialized view in Data Warehousing : An Effective Approach
No full textA view is a derived relation defined in terms of base relations. A view can be materialized by storing its extent in the database. An index can be made of these views and access to materialized view is much faster that recomputing the view from scratch. A Data Warehouse stores large amount of information collected from a different data sources. In order to speed up query processing, warehouse usually contains a large number of materialized views. When the data sources are updated, the views need to be updated. The process of keeping view up to date called as materialize view maintenance. Accessing base relations for view maintenance can be difficult, because the relations may be being used by users. Therefore materialize view maintenance in data warehousing is an important issue. For these reasons, the issue of self-maintainability of the view is an important issue in data warehousing. In this paper we have shown that a materialized view can be maintained without accessing the view itself by materializing additional relations at the data warehouse site. We have developed a cost effective approach to reduce the burden of view maintenance and also proved that proposed approach is optimum as compared to other approaches. Here incremental evaluation algorithm to compute changes to materialized views in relational is presented
Structural and optical properties of hydrazine hydrate capped cadmium sulphide nanoparticles
No full textInvestigation on structural properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite synthesized in presence of neem and aloe-vera plant leaves extract
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