1,720,960 research outputs found
Wild Grape Fruits Extracted by Different Solvents: Phytochemicals and Biological Activities
No full textTime-kill profiles and cell-surface morphological effects of crude Polycephalomyces nipponicus Cod-MK1201 mycelial extract against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkPurpose: To examine the effect of crude Polycephalomyces nipponicus Cod-MK1201 mycelial extract on the viability and cell surface morphology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods: Time-kill assays were conducted by incubating test bacteria with the extract and sampling at selected time points within a 24 h period. The effects of the extract on MSSA and MRSA ultrastructure were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results: Time-kill assay data indicate a bactericidal effect against both strains of staphylococci. The extracts were rapidly bactericidal at concentrations of 1 x MIC and 2 x MIC, achieving complete elimination of the test bacterial strains within 2 h. SEM micrographs of S. aureus taken after treatment with various concentrations of the extract revealed extensive morphological alterations to the cell surface of both MSSA and MRSA.Conclusion: The results confirm the antibacterial activity of P. nipponicus Cod-MK1201 mycelial extract. Further research may allow this to be developed as an alternative therapy to alleviate S. aureus infection.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Polycephalomyces nipponicus, Staphylococcus aureus, Time-kill assay, Cell surface morpholog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Antibacterial and anti-breast cancer cell line activities of Sanghuangporus sp.1 extracts
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate the activity of extracts of Sanghuangporus sp.1 fungus against pathogenic bacteria and a breast cancer cell line.Methods: The wild fruiting body and mycelium of Sanghuangporus sp.1 were extracted with water and ethanol by ultrasonication extraction. The activity of the extracts against pathogenic bacteria was determined by agar-well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained by agar-well diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. The cytotoxicity of the extract against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was determined by sulforhodamine B assay.Results: Only the ethanol mycelial extract exhibited antibacterial activity. Activity was detected against 6 of the 17 test strains of bacterial pathogen. The MICs and MBCs against these 6 strains were quite low, especially for B. cereus ATCC 11778 (2.5 and 2.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus (MSSA, DMST 2933, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL). The ethanol mycelial extract was a more potently cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells than either the aqueous mycelial extract or the ethanol wild fruiting body extract, inhibiting cell growth at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. The aqueous wild fruiting body extract was inactive against MCF-7 cells when compared with untreated control groups.Conclusion: The ethanol mycelial extract of the medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus sp.1, obtained by ultrasonication extraction method, exhibited potent antibacterial and anticancer activity and seems to be a substitute for wild Sanghuangporus sp.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Anticancer activity, Sanghuangporus sp.1, Mycelia
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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