1,720,995 research outputs found
Heterogeneity of aerobic fitness changes with exercise training in progressive multiple sclerosis: Secondary, exploratory analysis of data from the CogEx trial
Full text linkBackground: There is heterogeneity of aerobic fitness (VO2peak) changes with a standardized exercise training stimulus in the general population (i.e. some participants demonstrate improvements, others no change, and some a reduction in VO2peak). Objectives: This secondary, exploratory analysis of data examined the heterogeneity of VO2peak responses and possible correlates among persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) from the CogEx trial. Methods: CogEx was a multi-site, multi-arm, randomized, double-blinded, and sham-controlled trial undertaken by 11 sites in six different countries. Participants were randomized into one of four conditions with different combinations of exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation including respective sham conditions. The analysis focuses primarily on VO2peak change for the pooled exercise training intervention conditions compared with the pooled sham exercise control conditions. Results: Waterfall plots for change in VO2peak suggested greater heterogeneity with exercise training than sham, and the proportions of difference in VO2peak change (i.e. improvement/worsening) were significantly different between exercise training and sham conditions(p < 0.05). The multivariable analysis indicated that lower baseline VO2peak (p < 0.001) was the only statistically significant correlate of increases in VO2peak with exercise training. Conclusion: Our results highlight the heterogeneity of change in VO2peak with exercise training that is correlated with initial aerobic capacity in PMS, and such results may inform hypothesis testing in future clinical trials of exercise training. IntroductionThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (grant number #EGID3185)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The acute effects of varying intensities of treadmill walking exercise on cognition in persons with multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Exercise training represents a promising approach for managing cognitive impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). There is preliminary evidence that treadmill walking exercise might be the modality of exercise that exerts the greatest beneficial effects on executive control in persons with mild MS disability. However, the dose-dependent effects of varying intensities of treadmill walking exercise on this cognitive function are unknown. Such an investigation is critical for providing the final data for delineating the optimal exercise stimulus (or stimuli) for improving executive control in persons with MS.
Objectives: The present study compared the acute effects of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity treadmill walking exercise on multiple aspects of executive control (i.e., interference control and response inhibition) relative to quiet rest in 24 persons with mild MS disability, using a within-subjects, repeated-measures experimental design.
Methods: Participants completed four experimental conditions that consisted of 20 minutes of light intensity treadmill walking exercise, moderate intensity treadmill walking exercise, vigorous intensity treadmill walking exercise, and quiet rest in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Participants underwent a modified-flanker task and Go/No-Go task as measures of executive control immediately prior to and following each condition.
Results: Repeated-measures ANOVAs indicated large, statistically significant pre-to-post reductions in the cost of interfering stimuli on reaction time, but not accuracy, on the modified-flanker task for light, moderate, and vigorous intensity exercise compared with quiet rest (F(3,69)=4.27,p=.01,ηp2=.16) that were similar in magnitude. There further were no overall effects of exercise intensities on percent accuracy from the Go/No-Go task (F(3,69)=0.33,p=.81,ηp2=.01), compared with quiet rest.
Conclusions: The present results support light, moderate, and vigorous intensity treadmill walking as exercise stimuli that might particularly benefit speed-related aspects of executive control (i.e., interference control of reaction time). This represents the final step in delineating the optimal exercise stimuli for inclusion in a subsequent longitudinal exercise training intervention for improving this cognitive function in persons with mild MS disability.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Brian Sandroff, accepted the attached license on 2015-05-26 at 07:08.The student, Brian Sandroff, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-05-26 at 07:14.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-05-26 at 15:40.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8248 on 2015-09-29 at 14:58:26Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T20:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Fitness and cognitive processing speed in persons with multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Cognitive impairment is prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with MS. To date, two studies have identified aerobic capacity as a correlate of cognition in MS, but there has yet to be an investigation of multiple domains of fitness as correlates of cognition in this population. Such an examination is important for identifying the appropriate modes of exercise training for possibly improving cognition.
Objective: This study examined the relationships among aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and balance with cognitive function in persons with MS.
Methods: 31 persons with MS and 31 controls matched by age, height, weight, and sex completed two neuropsychological measures of cognitive processing speed (PASAT and SDMT). Participants underwent an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer as a measure of aerobic capacity; three maximal isometric extensions and one maximal isometric flexion with each knee on an isokinetic dynamometer at three different joint angles as a measure of muscular strength; and stood on a force platform without shoes for 30 seconds with eyes open to measure postural sway.
Results: Independent samples t-tests indicated that MS and control groups differed in PASAT score (t = −2.13, p = .04), SDMT score (t = −2.69, p = .01), aerobic capacity (t = −2.99, p < .01), and balance (t = 4.06, p < .01), but not in muscular strength. Cognitive processing speed was significantly associated with aerobic capacity (r = .43 and .44) and balance (r= −.52 and −.52), but not muscular strength in the overall and MS samples, respectively. Lastly, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that aerobic capacity (β = .27) and balance (β = −.40) accounted for differences in cognitive processing speed between MS and control groups.
Conclusions: Aerobic capacity and balance, but not muscular strength, are associated with cognitive processing speed in persons with MS, suggesting that aerobic exercise and balance training are avenues for possibly improving cognitive impairment in this population.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-04-24T17:14:43Z
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University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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