87,129 research outputs found
The European Parliament Interpreting Corpus (EPIC): implementation and developments
No full textThe call for the creation of corpora in Interpreting Studies that could be queried by means of Corpus Linguistics tools was first made by Shlesinger (1998) over a decade ago. However, only recently has this need started to be met. The European Parliament Interpreting Corpus (EPIC) is one of the first machine-readable corpora to be openly accessible in the field of Interpreting Studies. It was created in 2004/2006 by the Directionality Research Group of the University of Bologna at Forlì, and consists of 9 sub-corpora in total: three sub-corpora of source language speeches (Italian, English and Spanish) and six sub-corpora of simultaneously interpreted speeches, thus comprising all possible directions and combinations of the three languages involved (Monti et al. 2005, Sandrelli et al.. 2010). At present, the corpus includes only a small part of all the recorded material, which is stored in the EPIC Multimedia Archive.
The present paper describes the steps undertaken to create the corpus and the ongoing developments to further expand it and improve its structure. Firstly, the methodology used for user-friendly data collection and transcription and for the part-of-speech (POS) tagging and lemmatisation of this open corpus will be described; then, the web-interface developed to carry out simple and advanced queries on-line will be illustrated (see http://sslmitdev-online.sslmit.unibo.it/corpora/corporaproject.php?path=E.P.I.C.). Examples of the corpus-based studies carried out so far will be provided (Russo et al 2006, Bendazzoli et al 2011) and a special emphasis will be placed on the great potential of EPIC as a pedagogical and research tool in interpreter training. Interpreting students can transcribe and analyse part of the recorded material stored in the EPIC Multimedia Archive in their graduation dissertations, thus taking advantage of a unique opportunity to reflect upon real-life professional interpreting performances and upon their own learning process. Finally, ongoing developments and future steps will be discussed: text-to-sound and source text-to-target text alignment procedures are currently being tested, so as to make EPIC a more powerful resource to be explored by the interpreting research community
References
BENDAZZOLI, C., SANDRELLI, A. AND M. RUSSO (2011) “Disfluencies in simultaneous interpreting: a corpus-based analysis”, in A. Kruger, K. Walmach and J. Munday (eds.) Corpus-based Translation Studies: Research and Applications, London /New York: Continuum, 282-306.
MONTI, C., BENDAZZOLI, C., SANDRELLI A. AND M. RUSSO (2005) “Studying Directionality in Simultaneous Interpreting through an Electronic Corpus: EPIC (European Parliament Interpreting Corpus)” paper presented at the International Symposium “Pour une traductologie proactive” organised for the 50° anniversary of META, University of Montreal, 6th-9th April 2005, (vol 50:4). Online: http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/2005/v50/n4/019850ar.pdf
RUSSO, M., BENDAZZOLI, C. E A. SANDRELLI (2006) "Looking for Lexical Patterns in a Trilingual Corpus of Source and Interpreted Speeches: Extended Analysis of EPIC (European Parliament Interpreting Corpus)", Forum, vol. 4:1, 221-254.
SANDRELLI, A., BENDAZZOLI, C. AND M. RUSSO (2010) “European Parliament Interpreting Corpus (EPIC): Methodological issues and preliminary results on lexical patterns in SI”, International Journal of Translation 22 (1-2), 165-203.
SHLESINGER, M. (1998): “Corpus-based interpreting studies as an offshoot of corpus-based translation studies”, META, 43-4, pp. 486-493
Oral Infection in a Germ-Free Bombyx mori Model
No full textPathogens of the silkworm Bombyx mori reduce silk crop quality and quantity, causing significant economic
losses to silkworm rearers and the silk industry globally. In order to combat microbial diseases at the agricultural
level, it is informative to characterize the host immune responses activated during infection in
environmentally controlled conditions. While conventional silkworm rearing is dependent on the seasonality
of mulberry trees, in the field of scientific research, recent developments such as artificial diets have
resulted in consistent and controlled rearing conditions throughout the year. In this chapter, we describe
protocols to perform oral infection experiments in a simplified germ-free silkworm model, reared on artificial
diet. Also, we provide simple assays to monitor the activation of the immune response after oral infection,
including the evaluation of the pathogen passage from the gut into the hemolymph, the change in
the number of hemocytes, the actual rate of melanization, and the antimicrobial activity kinetics of the
hemolymph during infection. These standardized protocols will enable the reporting of comparable datasets
for B. mori host-pathogen interaction among research groups
LA FASE POST-NAPPE NELLA TOSCANA MERIDONALE. NUOVA INTERPRETAZIONE SULL'EVOLUZIONE DELL'APPENNINO SETTENTRIONALE
No full textEvoluzione Paleogeografica dell'area di Frosini, settore meridionale del Bacino di Radicondoli nel Tortoniano superiore (Toscana, Italia)
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Art. 2447
No full textIl commento affronta l'analisi dei presupposti di applicazione e la disciplina dell'art. 2447 del codice civile, in materia di riduzione del capitale sociale delle società per azioni al di sotto del minimo legale. In particolare il contributo, analizzati i presupposti oggetti di applicazione della norma, si sofferma sui possibili provvedimenti che l'assemblea dei soci può assumere in presenza di perdite che riducono il capitale al di sotto del minimo di legge e analizza, in particolare, i requisiti che l'eventuale operazione di ricapitalizzazione deve presentare. Un'ampia sezione del commento è dedicata all'applicazione della norma in situazioni di crisi di impresa
Sedimentary and ichnofacies analysis of the epiligurian Ponsano sandstone (northern Apennines, Tuscany, Italy)
No full textSeveral stratigraphic sections have bcen measured in the Rencine and Ponsano area to Define, trough sedimentary and ichnofacies analysis, the depositional paleoenvironment of the late Serravallian•early Tortonian Ponsano sandstone Formation. The section of Rencine is characterized mainly by medium•fine sandstones (Sm facies).
Few and thin layers of conglomerate are interbedded with sandstones,.No sedimentary structures have been recognized except for few remnants of planar cross- eds. In the section of Ponsano, the Ponsano Sandstone can be subdivided into two parts. The lower part is characterized by marlstones (Ms facies) at the bottom and medium-fine sandstones (Sm facies) in the middle and upper parts. The upper part is characterized by Ms at the bottom, Sm in the middle, and an alternation of pebble conglomerates (Cp), coarse conglomerates (Cb) and coarse sandstones (Sc) at the top. Fossils concentrations (f) occur throughout. The sandstone faeics are highly bioturbated, and most primary sedimentary structures are obscurcd: only remnants of even lamination, cross bedding and hummocky cross stratificationcould be recognized locally.
Trace fossils are indicative of the mixcd Cruziana-Skolithos and the Skolithos icnofacics. Sedirnentary and ichnofacics data indicate that the Ponsano Saodstone was deposited in Shallow water environment. The morlstone faeies are indicative inner shelf, the sandstone facies of shoreface. Conglomerates are referred to a fluvio- deltaic environment
The Corsica-Sardinia Massif as source area for the early northern Apennines foredeep system: evidence from debris flows in the “Macigno costiero” (Late Oligocene, Italy)
No full textLarge isolated gravity flows (debrites) are widely present in the stratigraphic record of the northern Apennines foreland-basin system. These strata may be useful for provenance signals and dispersal pathways during foreland evolution. This paper examines a cohesive debris flow bed interbedded with turbidite strata of the Macigno Formation (Late Oligocene, Tuscany, Italy), in order to obtain new data on the provenance of the elastic material. Clasts in the debris flow are predominantly plutonic (granodiorite, tonalite, and S-granite) and subordinately metamorphic (gneiss and schist) and sedimentary calcareous clasts. The composition of the clasts within the debris flow is similar to the clastic composition of the interbedded turbidite sandstones of the "Macigno costiero." The depositional features of the debris flow suggest that it traveled for a short distance within the basin before it was deposited not far from the slope. The absence of a high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) paragenesis in the plutonic and metamorphic clasts of the debris flow indicates a provenance from a crystalline basement not involved in the high-pressure phases of the Alpine Orogenesis. Previous studies have indicated the Central-Western Alps as potential source areas for the Macigno Formation sediments. The lack of HP/LT tuetamorphic signatures in our studied samples excludes the Pennidic aud Austroalpine nappes of the Western Alps as possible sources for the debris flows of the "Macigno costiero." These new data (sedimentological, petrographical, and microstructural) suggest that the Corsica-Sardinia Hercynian basement, lacking a HP/LT paragenesis, is the more accredited source area of the debris flow and of the related turbidite sandstones of the "Macigno costiero" succession. These foredeep-feeding sediments were probably before deposited within an episutural basin developed close to the northern Apennines orogenic wedge
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