176 research outputs found
Sächsisches E-Competence Zertifikat: Kooperative Erstellung standardisierter E-Learning-Inhalte für die Aus- und Weiterbildung
No full textHochschulübergreifend zu kooperieren stellt besondere Anforderungen an die beteiligten Kooperationspartner. Das ESF-geförderte Projekt SECo (Sächsisches E-Competence Zertifikat) steht vor grundsätzlichen Herausforderungen, die sich insbesondere aus der Struktur dieser hochschulübergreifenden Kooperation ergeben. Welches strukturelle Modell liegt der Kooperation zugrunde? Welche Rolle spielen Kooperationen mit regionalen Organisationseinheiten? Wie kann die gemeinsame Entwicklung von E-Learning-Inhalten über verschiedene Hochschulstandorte koordiniert werden? Wie kann ein zentraler und zeitnaher Austausch von Wissen und Informationen erfolgen? Generalisier- und transferierbare Antworten auf diese und weitere Fragen liefert der folgende Beitrag.
23.03.2010 | Michael Gerth (Leipzig), Sandra Döring (Dresden) & Michael Clauß (Chemnitz
Besser als gedacht
No full textDas grammatische Wissen von Lehramtsstudierenden ist besser als gedacht. Im Basisartikel (s. Döring/Elsner in diesem Band) wird darauf verwiesen, dass Studien zeigten, dass bei Studierenden zu Studienbeginn das grammatische Wissen nicht in dem gewünschten Maße vorhanden ist und dass auch die universitäre Lehre keinen Ausgleich dieser Defizite bewirken muss. Dennoch bleibt die Frage, ob das, was in den Studien gemessen wird, nicht eher dem terminologischen Wissen entspricht, was bei Studienbeginn nicht vorhanden sein muss, weil der Grammatikunterricht viel zu lang zurückliegt und im Studienverlauf genau diese Termini entweder keine Rolle spielen oder kritisch diskutiert werden, sodass die Fragen auch nicht mehr so einfach beantwortet werden können. Hinter diesen Studien steckt doch letztlich die Frage, welcher Wissensbestand und welcher Wissenszuwachs gemessen werden soll und ob die verwendeten Methoden das geeignete Mittel darstellen. Daher möchten wir in diesem Kommentar aufzeigen, in welcher Weise unserer Meinung nach Lehramtsstudierende solide grammatische Kenntnisse aufweisen (können), in welcher Hinsicht epistemische Überzeugungen von Lehrenden einen Einfluss haben können und welche Aspekte in der unversitären Lehre (im Bereich der Grammatik) zusätzlich berücksichtigt werden sollten, um einen nachhaltigeren Lernerfolg zu ermöglichen. Dies ist durchaus als optimistischer Beitrag zu verstehen, insofern als sich die universitäre Hochschullehre für Lehramtsstudierende im Bereich der Grammatik im positiven Sinne auf den Weg gemacht hat
Vergleich von Trockenheitsindizes zur Nutzung in der Landwirtschaft unter den klimatischen Bedingungen Mitteldeutschlands
No full textDöring, S., Döring, J., Borg, H., Böttcher, F.: Comparison of drought indices for use in agricultureunder the climatic conditions of central Germany. - Hercynia N.F. 44 (2011): 145 – 168.Droughts may lead to lower agricultural yields. To quantify such conditions so-called drought indicesare used in agricultural consulting. There is a large number of drought indices of which eight were chosenfor this work to be checked for their suitability to quantify agricultural drought in central Germany.Artern was used as a representative site. It is typical for the dry region of central Germany and, due toits (for Germany) very low annual rainfall, ideal for the investigation of drought indices. To assess thesuitability of the eight indices various criteria were considered.The “Harlfinger-Knees-Index” came out best overall. The other indices are comparable for the actualassessment of drought, but must be inverted to improve their sensitivity or require data which are moredifficult to obtain. This study revealed that all indices have major weaknesses and are not a good tool todescribe drought. None could reflect the effect of drought on the time course of the soil moisture statusor, ultimately, on yield. The reason for this failure is that none properly considers the amount of waterstored in a soil. This is important, however, since stored water can buffer a temporary rainfall deficit. Acertain period without rain therefore need not lead to drought stress in a plant, if there is enough water inthe soil. For that reason any drought index which does not or not correctly consider the amount of waterstored in the soil is inadequate.For central Germany a drier climate is predicted for the future, especially during the growing season.Hence, in the coming years drought will become an ever more important issue in agricultural consulting.Consequently, a tool is needed to assess agricultural drought properly. There are various computer modelsof different complexity, which can simulate the soil moisture status and its effect on plant growthand yield. Hence, in a further study it should be investigated, if and at what level of complexity suchmodels are better in the description of drought than drought indices.Die Hercynia publiziert Originalbeiträge mit dem Schwerpunkt Ökologie (mit ihren vielseitigen Aspekten der Biodiversität), Botanik, Zoologie, Geologie und Geografie, den anwendungsorientierten Bereichen des Natur- und Umweltschutzes, sowie der Land- und Forstwirtschaft
Replication Data for: Thürk, Maria "Small in size but powerful in parliament? The legislative performance of minority governments" in Legislative Studies Quarterly.
No full textThe data is based on the ParlGov database (Döring & Manow 2018). Döring, Holger and Philip Manow. 2018. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov): Information on parties, elections and cabinets in modern democracies. www.parlgov.org
The independent variable "type of minority cabinet" and the dependent variables "government bill success" as well as "government agenda control" have been collected by the author based on national parliament homepages. For further information, please contact the author
Abortion Attitudes (Media Content, User Comments)
No full textThe concept of "abortion attitudes" refers to an individual\u27s or group\u27s beliefs, opinions, and feelings regarding the practice of abortion (Jelen & Wilcox, 2003). Abortion here addresses abortion care in the form of medical (i.e., drug-induced) or surgical termination of an unwanted pregnancy, usually before the fetus is considered viable (i.e., able to survive outside the womb). People\u27s attitudes towards abortion care can vary widely and are influenced by factors such as cultural, religious, moral, and personal beliefs, societal norms and values, as well as personal experiences and media representations (Adamczyk, Kim & Dillon, 2020; Ferree, Gamson, Gerhards & Rucht, 2002). Abortion and abortion attitudes are widely represented in the media, this includes news media, fictional media, and social media (Conti & Cahill, 2017).
Attitudes towards abortion as they are held in the population and represented in the media are polarized and can be categorized broadly as pro-choice versus pro-life (Krolzik-Matthei, 2019):
The pro-choice or pro-abortion attitude focuses on the pregnant woman/person and acknowledges her human rights to life, health and self-determination. Hence, the pro-choice attitude demands access to legal and safe abortions as a reproductive right for all women/persons who seek abortion care as a reproductive health service. The pro-choice position morally accepts abortions and politically favors the legalization of abortions.
The pro-life or anti-abortion attitude focuses on the embryo (weeks 0 to 9 of the pregnancy) or the fetus (from week 10) and acknowledges its right to life. Hence, the pro-life attitude demands complete prohibition or at least heavy restriction of abortions, regardless of the life, health, and self-determination of the pregnant woman/person. The pro-life position morally condemns abortions and politically favors the criminalization of abortions in most or all cases.
These two attitudes often manifest as general principles (or absolutist positions). But they also manifest in various shades of grey (situational positions), with some individuals and media representations supporting abortion under specific circumstances (such as cases of rape, incest, or severe fetal abnormalities) while opposing it in others (Rye & Underhill, 2020).
In the context of ongoing political debates surrounding the legalization or criminalization of abortion (e.g., the overturning of Roe v. Wade in the USA in 2022), measuring attitudes towards abortion in media content remains a relevant and timely research topic, especially when it comes to popular and growing social media platforms such as TikTok (Wu & Byler, 2022).
Field of application/theoretical foundation
One line of research investigates the various values underlying pro-life/pro-abortion and pro-choice/anti-abortion attitudes as represented in different media. This research approach employs theories from religion, moral philosophy, medical history, and/or feminism to extract the distinct arguments, frames, and metaphors used to defend and rationalize pro-choice versus pro-life attitudes (e.g., Brysk & Yang, 2023).
Another line of research examines the associations between media representations of abortion attitudes on the one side and the audience’s attitudes about abortion on the other side (Döring, 2023; Döring & Kubitza, 2023; Pleasure et al., 2023), particularly in the context of pro- or anti-abortion campaigns (e.g., Reidy & Suiter, 2023) and online abortion education (Duggan, 2023). One relevant theory in this field is the social cognitive theory (Bandura 1986, 2009), which explains how media images of abortion can influence the audience’s perceptions of abortions. Additionally, theories of persuasion and education are applicable in this context.
References/combination with other methods of data collection
Manual and automated content analyses of news media, fictional media, social media content, and social media user comments are essential for monitoring the potentially changing prevalence of various abortion attitudes in the public media sphere. These media content analyses can be combined with population surveys to explore associations between published opinion and public opinion on abortion. Furthermore, experimental studies are useful for directly measuring how recipients perceive and evaluate different media representations of abortion attitudes, and whether and how these representations can affect their own attitudes toward abortion.
Example Study for manual content analyses
The example studies by Döring (2023) and Döring and Kubitza (2023) concentrate on the representation of abortion attitudes in German-language YouTube and TikTok videos, as well as the associated viewer comments (see Table 1).
The measures presented were developed for YouTube and TikTok, but they are generic enough to be used across various social media platforms and even mass media channels.
Depending on the research objective, more detailed measures can be developed and added. For examples, measures that cover the different circumstances under which people or media representations are willing to accept abortion as a moral and legal solution (such as in cases of rape, incest, or severe fetal abnormalities). This is relevant because abortion attitudes held by individuals and represented in the media are not always absolutist (i.e., categorical evaluations); sometimes, they are situationist, meaning that the specific conditions of the case play a significant role in the moral evaluation (Rye & Underhill, 2020).
Coding Material
Measure
Operationalization (excerpt)
Reliability
N = 167 top ranked German-language abortion videos on YouTube (n = 75) and TikTok (n = 92)
Type of Social Media Content Creator
Polytomous variable “content creator type” (1: media professional, 2: health professional, 3: political/religious actor, 4: lay person)
n = 117 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .84
Gwet’s AC1 = .88
Abortion Attitude in Social Media Content
Polytomous variable “abortion attitude represented in YouTube/TikTok video” (1: pro-choice or pro-abortion [video predominantly argues in favor of legalization of abortion and/or the rights of the pregnant person], 2: pro-life or anti-abortion [video predominantly argues in favor of criminalization of abortion and/or the rights of the embryo/fetus], 3: ambivalent [video partly argues in favor of both pro-choice and pro-life positions; e.g., video covers both the attitude of a pro-life and a pro-choice activist], 4: neutral [video neither argues for or against the legalization or criminalization of abortions; e.g., video explains the procedure of surgical termination of an unwanted pregnancy and does not address moral or political evaluations], 5: unclear [the abortion attitude represented in the video remains unclear])
n = 117 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .66
Gwet’s AC1 = .82
N = 807 most liked on-topic public user comments related to the N = 167 top ranked German-language abortion videos on YouTube (n = 326) and TikTok (n = 481)
Type of Commenting Social Media User
Cannot be identified and coded due to practical and ethical considerations
n.a.
Abortion Attitude in Social Media User Comments
Polytomous variable “abortion attitude represented in YouTube/TikTok user comments” (1: pro-choice / pro-abortion, 2: pro-life / anti-abortion, 3: ambivalent, 4: neutral, 5: unclear). Operationalization of the abortion attitudes in social media comments follows the same scheme used for social media videos (as described above).
n = 300 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .55
Gwet’s AC1 = .81
References
Adamczyk, A., Kim, C., & Dillon (2020). Examining Public Opinion about Abortion: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Research over the Last 15 Years. Sociological Inquiry, 90 (4), 920–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12351
Bandura, A., & National Inst. of Mental Health. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Bandura, A. (2009). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Communication Series. Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed., 94–124). Routledge.
Brysk, A., & Yang R. (2023). Abortion Rights Attitudes in Europe: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, or Pro-Nation? Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxac047
Conti, J. A., & Cahill, E. (2017). Abortion in the Media. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 29 (6), 427–430. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000412
Döring, N., (2023). Online-Videos zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch: Anbieter, Botschaften und Publikumsreaktionen [Online Videos on Abortion: Creators, Messages, and Audience Reactions]. FORUM Sexualaufklärung und Familienplanung: Informationsdienst der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) 1/2023, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.17623/BZgA_SRH:forum_2023-1_beitrag_onlinevideo_schwangerschaftsabbruch [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Döring, N., & Kubitza, E. (2023). „Ich fühlte mich so alleine damit, aber dein Video hat mir geholfen – Der Schwangerschaftsabbruch auf YouTube und TikTok. ["I felt so alone with this, but your video helped me” – The Representation of Abortion on YouTube and TikTok]. merz – medien + erziehung. zeitschrift für medienpädagogik, Online Article. https://www.merz-zeitschrift.de/swipe-des-monats/details/ich-fuehlte-mich-so-alleine-damit-aber-dein-video-hat-mir-geholfen [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Duggan, J. (2023). Using TikTok to Teach about Abortion: Combatting Stigma and Miseducation in the United States and Beyond. Sex Education 23(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2022.2028614
Ferree, M.M., Gamson, W.A., Gerhards, J., & Rucht, D. (2002). Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States. Cambridge University Press.
Jelen, T. G., & Wilcox, C. (2003). Causes and Consequences of Public Attitudes Toward Abortion: A Review and Research Agenda. Political Research Quarterly, 56 (4), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600410
Krolzik-Matthei, K. (2019). Abtreibungen in der Debatte in Deutschland und Europa [Abortions in the Debate in Germany and Europe]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hrsg.), Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (APuZ). https://www.bpb.de/shop/zeitschriften/apuz/290793/abtreibungen-in-der-debatte-in-deutschland-und-europa/ [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Pleasure, Z. H., Becker, A., Johnson, D., Broussard, K., & Lindberg, L. (2023). How TikTok is Being Used to Talk About Abortion Post-Roe. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jy6vx [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Reidy, T., & Suiter, J. (2023). Does Social Media Use Matter? A Case Study of the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum. Media and Communication, 11 (1), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6653
Rye, B.J., & Underhill, A. (2020). Pro-choice and Pro-life Are Not Enough: An Investigation of Abortion Attitudes as a Function of Abortion Prototypes. Sexuality & Culture 24, 1829–1851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09723-7
Wu, Y. & Byler, D. (2022). What We Found When Analyzing 1,000 Viral TikToks on #Abortion. The Washington Post, 22th October 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/interactive/2022/tiktok-abortion-debate-gen-z/ [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Funding: This entry was created as part of a larger research project lead by the author on the representation of sexual and reproductive health issues on social media, led by the author and funded by the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) from 2023 to 2026. The name of the project is EMSA (“Erstes Mal, Menstruation und Schwangerschaftsabbruch in Sozialen Medien” = sexual debut, menstruation, and abortion on social media)
Die schönsten Tierfabeln
No full textHere are 58 fables with sprightly illustrations. The fun begins with the animal cartoons that surround the opening T of C. Even before then, there is a worm crawling on the final N of the book's title on the title-page. Among the best illustrations is one of those for TMCM that shows the two mice napping after enjoying the city-meal (11). Ants are having tea together underneath the stork's chair in FS (17). On 32, the monkey is enjoying nuts while the cat lies with both front paws bandaged! Die neun dummen Wölfe (58) is new to me but presented here as the oldest known fable, known from a clay tablet from Sumeria. Ten wolves draw ten sheep away from the flock. The wolf leader says to his fellow wolves You are nine. Here is one sheep that is yours, and that makes ten. I and nine sheep also make ten. I am distributing fairly, ten to ten. All the wolves clamor their approval, and the leader makes off with the nine sheep. Among the best of these spirited illustrations is that of the dog who falsely accused the lamb and makes off with her wool. We see on 74 a lamb who has only a tuft left on her head and around her middle. Morals are rendered in rhyming verses. The moral of porcupines trying to live together (85) starts with these two lines: Man kommt sich näher,/wenn man Abstand hält…. The crow decked out in others' feathers is another masterpiece (89)! One of the best full-page illustrations presents the two goats arguing on the bridge (99). GA ends with a reconciliation and a personal concert for the ant (109). The six-page overview of the genre at the book's end is well done.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: GermanErzählt von Ursel Scheffle
Temperature reconstruction based on stable nitrogen and argon isotope measurements on Greenland ice cores
No full textStable isotopes of the inert gases nitrogen (δ15N) and argon (δ40Ar) measured on ancient air extracted from polar ice cores provides the opportunity to reconstruct past temperature variations. Thereby, the temperature reconstruction is conducted by inverting firn densification and heat diffusion models to fit the δ15N and δ40Ar data. The main focus of this work is to develop automated procedures for solving that inverse problem. Automated fitting procedures have the advantage that manual tuning of parameters is avoided which leads to a better reproducibility and comparability between different studies. Furthermore, the use of automated algorithm saves working hours, which should not be underestimated. Another aim of this thesis is the reconstruction of the Holocene temperature history of Greenland summit using one of the automated methods developed in this study.
First, an introduction into the topic is given in Chapter 1 containing a motivation of Holocene climate reconstructions, and an overview about a variety of reconstruction methods and studies. In section 1.2 the physical fundamentals needed for the understanding of this work are presented and in section 1.3 an overview about different methods of firn model inversion techniques are provided.
Chapter 2 presents the automated firn model inversion methods developed in this work. In section 2.1 the suitability of a 2-dimensional polynomial transfer function for describing a firn model is investigated for using the model in static or dynamic behaviour. This was done in order to visualize the non-linearity of the problem. Section 2.2 presents an algorithm for the automation of the δ18Oice calibration technique. In sections 2.3 and 2.4 the fundamentals and implementations of a Monte-Carlo based automation technique independent from δ18Oice is described and evaluated on synthetic data for Holocene reconstructions and on Glacial data.
In chapter 3 the results of using the Monte-Carlo based algorithm (sections 2.3 and 2.4) for fitting already published GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two) Holocene δ15N, δ40Ar and δ15Nexcess data with two different firn models are shown and analysed. Additionally, the gained temperature solutions are evaluated against each other and are set in context to two other studies, where the same data but different temperature reconstruction strategies were used. Also, the performance of two different firn models for fitting Holocene gas isotope data was investigated and an uncertainty estimation for the reconstructed temperature estimates was performed.
Chapter 4 presents the comparison of the most robust temperature estimate (T(δ15N)) – obtained in chapter 3 – with a variety of marine and terrestrial temperature proxies from the North Atlantic region (section 4.1), with GISP2 accumulation rate (section 4.2), and GISP2 stable water isotope (δ18Oice) data (section 4.3). The comparison of T(δ15N) with the marine and terrestrial temperature proxies reveals comparable signatures for multi-centennial to multi-millennial signals. Furthermore, evidence for a coherence of AMOC variability and Greenland summit temperatures during the Holocene was found and it is concluded that Greenland summit temperature variability is predominantly driven by changes in North Atlantic circulation patterns and AMOC variability for multi-centennial to multi-millennial oscillations. The comparison of T(δ15N) with GISP2 accumulation rate data shows moderate correlations for the general trends and multi-centennial oscillations especially in the early Holocene. The results show that a regime change took place at about 6.5 kyr b2k, which altered the dependency between T(δ15N) and GISP2 accumulation rate data from correlation to anti-correlation behaviour. The comparison of T(δ15N) and GISP2 δ18Oice data shows that the general trends in both variables are highly correlated over the Holocene. However, only weak correlations were found for multi-centennial to multi-millennial oscillations.
Chapter 5 contains two publications where the author of this study contributed as co-author. The first study (section 5.1) investigates the role of volcanic forcing as a potential driver of centennial to millennial-scale temperature changes in Greenland using ice core data and climate model simulations. The role of changes in overloading pressure on permeation processes inducing δAr/N2 fractionation in the firn is presented in the second study (section 5.2)
Shaking Students’ Beliefs About Grammar: Some Thoughts on the Academic Education of Future Language Teachers
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