1,721,005 research outputs found
Waste disposal or discharge : a harmonised regulatory framework towards sustainable use
Full text linkThesis (M.Sc.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000The discharge of waste into a water resource and its disposal on land can easily cause pollution, especially of the water resource. However, it has long been accepted that these activities also form an integral part of a holistic waste management strategy aimed at achieving sustainability. The South African Constitution ensures a basic right to an environment that is not harmful to human health and well-being, and states that pollution must be prevented, the environment must be protected, and sustainable use of resources must be promoted, through "reasonable legislative
and other measures" .. The other measures that are currently used by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry to determine whether a waste disposal or discharge action is allowable, are contained in the documents "Procedures to Assess Effluent Discharge Impacts" and "Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste". These measures are evaluated to determine whether they are reasonable and effective in distinguishing
between sustainable use and pollution in terms of newly promulgated legislation aimed at managing the environment and the water resource. The criteria used for this evaluation are based on the principles of sustainability, the components of risk analysis, and the scientific concepts and principles of waste discharge and disposal
management. Based on this evaluation, the shortcomings of current mechanisms are highlighted, and their advantages are incorporated into a proposed integrated regulatory framework for an assessment and decision-making approach based on risk harmonisation, which has various advantageous applications, including: • The identification of cleaner production alternatives; • The identification of an appropriate medium of disposal or discharge (water or land); • The selection of the Best Practical Environmental Option (BPEO) for treatment, disposal or discharge methods;
• The licensing of sustainable waste disposal or discharge actions; • The setting of charges for waste discharge activities; • The prioritisation of regulatory intervention; and
• The rehabilitation of contaminated areas.
The findings of this investigation comprise the first step taken in South Africa towards the harmonisation of assessment and decision-making approaches, which could have important implications for integrated waste and environmental management in the future.Master
Post-apartheid desegregation in Vereeniging, 1991-1996
Full text linkThesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003.In 1923, when the concept of Black locations was introduced following the
Blacks (Urban Areas) Act, the Blacks became segregated from the other
racial groups and were forced to live on the peripheries of towns.
Subsequently, the passing of the Group Areas Act of 1950 and 1966 ensured
the maximisation of a geographical distance between the Whites, Coloureds.
and Indians, thereby giving the South African towns and cities a racially
demarcated character. However, in June 1991 the Abolition of Racially
Based Land Measures Act, 1991 (10811991) was passed to herald a socio-political
change. This reversion of policy by Government therefore gave rise
to the current investigation into desegregated settlements.
The purpose of, this survey study was to describe and explain the
phenomenon of desegregation in the South African town of Vereeniging after
the repeal of the Group Areas Act, 1950 (4111950). Pertinently this study
contemplated the following specific aims: First, to determine the extent of
desegregation in terms of the number and spatial distribution of Black
migrants in the former White residential areas in Vereeniging. Secondly to
describe and explain the nature of desegregation in Vereeniging in terms of
the socio-economic characteristics of the Black migrants.
It was first postulated that residential desegregation in Vereeniging was still of
limited extent, and that residential areas in the town were unequally exposed
to the process of desegregation. Secondly, that the spatial patterns of
desegregation were modulated by the socio-economic characteristics of Black
migrants. Therefore, the rating records that contained useful information
about the property owners from the Vereeniging-Kopanong Metropolitan Substructure
were used to develop a sampling frame. A total of 1 394 Black
migrants was identified on the basis of unique African surnames. A sample
of 326 randomly selected participants was identified. The questionnaires
were distributed to the participants residential addresses.
The completed questionnaires were collected personally from the
participants. The rationale for this was to, inter alia, maintain a good rapport
with the participants. The Information Technology and Management (ITM) of
the Vaal Triangle campus of the Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike
Hoër Onderwys was used to capture and analyse the data through the
Statistical Analysis System (SAS) programme. The lndex of Dissimilarity and
lndex of Segregation were calculated to determine the socio-spatial
distribution of Black migrants in the town.
The cross tabulations were applied with respect to some items of the
questionnaire in order to determine the degree of association between one
variable and the other. It, however, became apparent from the subsequent
analyses that the number of Blacks who lived in the White areas of
Vereeniging was relatively small. This finding provided a support to the
postulate that residential desegregation in Vereeniging was still of limited
extent. Confirming this finding was the town's 0,3% to 19,0% desegregation
range. Even so, highly desegregated scenarios manifested in the central
business district (CBD) and in areas of the town that are continguous to the
Black townships.
Finally, this study has recommended that urban geographers should
investigate the liveability of White migrants who began to migrate to Black
townships immediately after all residential areas, including the Black areas,
were declared desegregated in terms of the Abolition of Racially Based Land
Measures Act , 1991 (10811991).Master
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The quality of environmental impact reports for explosive industry projects in South Africa
Full text linkThesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that seeks to reduce the negative environmental consequences of listed development activities, which could have a detrimental effect on the environment, in the advance of their implementation, and a requirement of legislation in South Africa. An important element of the systematic EIA process is the submission of an environmental impact or scoping report or an environmental impact report (EIR) to the relevant governmental department, interested and affected parties and/or specialist for review to determine the report's adequacy before a project can be authorised or if further information is required. The information made available in reports to decision-makers with regard to developments with the potential of affecting explosive projects, plays a significant role in the authorisation of the project after the authority review process, which is dependent on the quality of the report. In order to contribute more effectively to sustainable development, more attention must be placed on assessing the quality of ElA's as part of determining how effectively EIA has been functioning in South Africa; hence this study is aimed at assessing the quality of EIA assessment reports of four projects with the potential of impacting on explosive industry projects. The objectives of the study included the review by independent reviewers of the quality of four-selected impact reports using a checklist, analysis of the review process results and provision of recommendations to improve the quality of environmental impact reports for-explosive projects.
Based on the review results it is concluded that the quality of the four reports for-explosive projects. Based on the review results it is concluded that the quality of the four reports were of an acceptable standard, although certain areas were found poorly performed i.e. improvement with regard to identification of key impacts and considerations of alternatives and mitigation as well as the control and treatment of waste. Otherwise the review method is fairly robust and consistent and therefore can be seen as a reliable indication of EIR quality. The following was recommended to improve the quality of the reports for explosive projects: The use of a quality review checklist for explosive projects by EIA practitioners and authorities to be used as an additional tool to the EIA regulations (DEAT 2002) and the Integrated Environmental Management series (DEAT 2002) can further improve the quality of the El reports for explosive projects. • The use by EIA practitioners of an explosive review checklist will assist in ensuring that all key aspects are addressed before submission to relevant authorities, i.e. the report contains all pertinent information and is technically sound, the report is set-up clearly and coherently organized and presented so that it can be understood and that it has addressed all the key issues to make a decision about the proposed development. This will further assist in fast-tracking the approval process often delayed by the request of additional information from the applicant as a result of inadequate reports. • Regular use of the review checklist by EIA practitioners and authorities for ascertaining the quality of the environmental impact reports will contribute to a baseline of EIR quality for evaluating EIA practice for explosive projects under the new regulations promulgated in June 2006.Master
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