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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of 50m and 400m Race Paces on Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Linear Kinetics of Sprint and Distance Front Crawl Swimmers
Get PDFMany authors have proposed that sprint and distance front crawl swimmers differ in their
stroke characteristics, however little three-dimensional quantitative data is provided to support
these assumptions. It is currently unknown whether sprint and distance swimmers exhibit
distinct stroke characteristics when swimming at the same pace. There were two main
purposes of this study: 1) to determine whether there are distinct kinematic and kinetic
differences between sprint and distance front crawl swimmers, and 2) to investigate whether
stroke characteristics of front crawl swimmers, in terms of kinematic and kinetic variables
change with swimming speed.
Fifteen male national/international front crawl swimmers (17.87 +/- 2.33yrs; 73.87 +/-
8.72kg; 183.02 +/- 6.84cm) volunteered to participate in this study. This sample was composed
of seven sprint (SG) and eight distance (DG) swimmers. Each testing session required
swimmers to perform four 25m sprints and one 400m max effort (front crawl), with no pacing
strategy, in a randomised order. Each trial was performed through a 6.75m3 calibrated space
and recorded by six gen-locked JVC KY32 CCD cameras (4 below and 2 above water)
sampling at a frequency of 50 fields per second. All trials were processed using ‘APAS’
software to obtain 3D coordinate data. Anthropometric measures were quantified using the
elliptical zone method. Both data sets were entered into a bespoke MATLAB program which
output: average swim velocity (Vav), stroke length (SL), stroke frequency (SF), stroke index
(SI), vertical and lateral displacement for each segment, shoulder and hip roll angle, and
elbow joint angle variables (1st back, shoulder x, end back, hand exit and recovery elbow
angle). Stroke phase (entry, pull, push and recovery) durations (%) were quantified at instants
corresponding to percentiles of the stroke cycle. Centre of mass position data were obtained
from the digitised 3D data using a 14 segment rigid link body model in conjunction with the
body segment parameter data obtained by the elliptical zone method. Component whole body
velocity (VCOMHor), acceleration (accCOM) and net force (forceCOM) were derived from the centre
of mass position data. Variables were statistically analysed in SPSS v.14.0, using a General
Linear Model, repeated measures analysis of variance.
The results indicated that the groups differed (p<0.05) with respect to the duration of
the pull phase, the occurrence of max left and right shoulder roll and the temporal sequencing
of the shoulders and hips rolling at both sprint and distance pace. Other variables approached
significance between the groups, particularly when distance swimming, such as the duration
of the push phase (p=0.082), the Vav (p=0.071) and average VCOMHor (p=0.071). The stroke
kinematic variables that changed between paces (p<0.05) were the duration of the entry, pull,
push, hand exit and recovery phases; the elbow angle at the end back position and the push
phase range; total shoulder and hip roll; the sum average vertical displacement of the foot;
the time to max vertical and lateral displacement of the finger; the time at max right elbow
extension; the average VCOMHor, Min VCOMHor and Max VCOMHor. The stroke kinetic variables
that changed between paces (p<0.05) were the Min accCOM, Max accCOM, range of accCOM,
min forceCOM and max forceCOM. Other variables approached significance between the paces
such as the entry elbow angle (p=0.084), the max right elbow extension (p=0.056), the finger
lateral range (p=0.067) and the time to max accCOM (p=0.079).
The SG displayed shorter durations of the pull and push phases than the DG for both
paces, which was linked to the faster horizontal velocity and/or vertical acceleration of the
hand. The sequencing order of the shoulders and hips changed between groups and paces,
which was speculated to be controlled by the magnitude of the leg-kick. The main changes
between paces were the greater magnitude of elbow angle at both the end back position and
the push phase range, which contributed to the adjustment of kinetic variables. SL, SF, SI, Vav
and the duration of the all the stroke phases changed between sprint and distance pace in
order to meet the physiological requirements of the race distance. The prolonged duration of
the entry phase, when distance swimming, resulted in a delayed attainment of the catch
position and maximum stroke depth. Moreover, the magnitude of shoulder and hip roll
increased at distance compared to sprint pace, which in turn influenced the magnitude of
average vertical and range of lateral displacement of the finger between paces.
In conclusion, contrary to the literature, SG and DG differed only with respect to the
duration of the pull and push stroke phases and the sequencing order of the shoulders and
hips. All swimmers adjust the majority of kinematic and kinetic variables depending on the swim pace in order to optimise performance for that race distance
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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