1,720,972 research outputs found
Changes in Functional Connectivity Associated with Treatment Gains in Aphasia
Get PDFNIDCD/NIH (F31 NRSA grant 1F31DC011220-01A1); Boston University Sargent College (Dudley Allen Sargent Research Award
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Abstract and concrete noun processing in healthy older adults using fMRI
Get PDFNormal subjects and patients with aphasia exhibit a 'concreteness effect' during lexical tasks. Recent evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests possible dissociable neural correlates for processing abstract versus concrete words. However, these studies have only been conducted with healthy young adults. This study used fMRI to examine neural activations of abstract and concrete word processing in healthy older adults during a lexical-decision task and a word-judgment task. These results indicate that a) neural activation patterns for concrete versus abstract words are task-specific, and b) healthy older adults show more bilateral activation than healthy young adults during abstract and concrete word processing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Changes in neural patterns in persons with aphasia following theory-based generative naming treatment
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
N.B.: page 167 appears to be missing from this dissertation. It is unclear whether this is a page numbering error on the author's part, or content is actually missing.Aphasia is a language disorder that affects approximately 1 million Americans. Word-finding deficits are characteristic of aphasia and are often targeted in therapy. Generalization from trained to untrained items in word-finding therapy is becoming increasingly important in the development of more cost- and time-effective rehabilitation techniques. However, much remains unknown regarding the neural mechanisms underlying generalization. Thus, this dissertation systematically examined the neural mechanisms underlying successful word-finding treatment, paying particular attention to generalization. Experiment 1 explored the neural correlates of abstract and concrete word processing in three persons with aphasia and three age-matched controls. Experiment 2 examined behavioral outcomes of a theoretically based word generation treatment in 12 persons with aphasia in terms of direct training and generalization effects when abstract words in a particular context-category are trained. Experiment 3 examined neuroplastic changes in activation and functional connectivity associated with behavioral direct training and generalization effects of treatment in 10 persons with aphasia when abstract words are trained. Consistent with current theories of abstract and concrete word processmg, Experiment 1 showed that abstract and concrete words elicited different activation patterns m persons with aphasia, similar to neurologically healthy adults. Experiment 2 showed that training abstract words in a generative naming treatment is not only efficacious, but also efficient because it promotes generalization to concrete words in the same context-category for a majority of participants. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that direct training effects coincided with increased activation and functional connectivity for regions involved in abstract word processing and generalization effects coincided with increased activation and functional connectivity for regions involved in concrete word processing. Inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus appear to be important for both direct training and generalization effects of treatment. These results suggest that this treatment is promoting reorganization of function to regions that normally process abstract and concrete words and that direct training and generalization may be subserved by similar neural mechanisms, supporting the notion that the generalization seen behaviorally is a true effect of treatment. The results help inform our understanding of the connection between neuroplasticity and behavioral improvement in treatment in aphasia
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Changes in Functional Connectivity Associated with Direct Training and Generalization Effects of a Theory-Based Generative Naming Treatment
Get PDFPersons with aphasia who are trained to generate abstract words (e.g., justice) in a specific context-category (e.g., courthouse) have been shown to improve not only on the trained items, but also on concrete words (e.g., lawyer) in the same context-category (Kiran, Sandberg, & Abbott, 2009). However, the underlying neural mechanism of this generalization effect is unknown. Abstract and concrete words provide a unique opportunity to study specific neural activity related to direct training and generalization because they are thought to be processed differently by the brain (Binder, Desai, Graves, & Conant, 2009; Wang, Conder, Blitzer, & Shinkareva, 2010), but are linked in such a way as to promote generalization (Kiran et al., 2009). The current study examines the neural activation and functional connectivity patterns of abstract and concrete word processing in persons with aphasia before and after training abstract word retrieval to help uncover the neural mechanisms associated with direct training and generalization
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