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İklim Değişikliği ve Gıda Güvenliği: Escherichia coli Patogruplarının Tere Yaprağına Tutunmasında Sıcaklık Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full textClimate change and its worldwide effects are recognized all over the world. One of the fields where the effect of climate change is observed due to increased mean ambient temperature is food safety. The temperature increase may affect the survival of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce, and not being processed prior to consumption makes fresh produce pose a huge threat to human health. This study was, therefore, planned to present a comprehensive assessment of the impact of climate change, taking its temperature rise scenarios into consideration, on the attachment and biofilm-forming abilities of different pathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes on cress leaves grown under controlled conditions. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, Enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 and Enteropathogenic E. coli O26 were inoculated on cress plants at a level of 8 log MPN/ml at different stages during growth to investigate how (i) inoculation time (7, 14, 21 and 28 days post sowing; dps) and (ii) contamination route (seed and leaves) affect the pathogen load on fresh produce under different climate change scenarios (+2, +4, and +6 oC). This present study revealed that temperature increase designed according to mitigation scenarios for climate change did not cause any significant change in the persistence of pathogens studied here on leaf tissue at 30 dps (~4.5 to 7 log MPN/g). In the plants contaminated at a later stage (21 and 28 dps), the populations of E. coli O157:H7, O104:H4 and O26 were higher for all temperatures studied. The results show that E. coli strains used in this study have translocated towards leaf portions from seed and established a significant amount of pathogen load on leaf (~4 to 5.3 log MPN/g). Washing the leaves did not show any significant reduction in the E. coli populations on leaf tissue, which means that the inoculated bacteria have tightly bound to leaf (~3.5 to 7 log MPN/g) and cannot be eliminated by washing practices. Lastly, the residing biofilm structures were detected on the leaf crevices as well as stomata where enteric bacteria could use for further colonization of cress by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).İklim değişikliği ve dünya çapındaki etkileri tüm dünyada tanınmaktadır. Ortalama ortam sıcaklığının artması nedeniyle iklim değişikliğinin etkisinin gözlemlendiği alanlardan biri de gıda güvenliğidir. Sıcaklık artışı, taze ürünlerde gıda kaynaklı patojenlerin hayatta kalma kabiliyetlerini etkileyebilir ve tüketilmeden önce işlenmemesi, taze ürünlerin insan sağlığı için büyük bir tehdit oluşturmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilen tere yapraklarına farklı patojenik Escherichia coli serotiplerinin tutunma ve biyofilm oluşturma yetenekleri üzerindeki sıcaklık artış senaryolarını dikkate alarak iklim değişikliğinin etkisinin kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesini sunmak üzere planlanmıştır. Farklı iklim değişikliği senaryoları altında (+2, +4, ve +6 oC), (i) aşılama süresinin (ekimden 7, 14, 21 ve 28 gün sonra) ve (ii) kontaminasyon yolunun (tohum ve yapraklar) taze ürünlerde patojen yükünü nasıl etkilediğini araştırmak için Enterohemorajik E. coli O157:H7, Enteroagregatif E. coli O104:H4 ve Enteropatojenik E. coli O26 8 log MPN/ml seviyesinde tere bitkilerine inoküle edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, iklim değişikliği için hafifletme senaryolarına göre tasarlanan sıcaklık artışının, burada incelenen patojenlerin ekimden 30 gün sonra (~4.5 ile 7 log MPN/g) yaprak dokusu üzerinde kalıcılığında önemli bir değişikliğe neden olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Daha sonraki aşamada (ekimden 21 ve 28 gün sonra) kontamine edilmiş bitkilerde, E. coli O157:H7, O104:H4 ve O26 popülasyonlarının, çalışılan tüm sıcaklıklar için daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, kullanılan E. coli suşlarının tohumdan yaprak kısımlarına doğru hareket ettiğini ve yaprak üzerinde önemli miktarda patojen yükü oluşturduğunu (~4 ile 5.3 log MPN/g) göstermektedir. Yaprakların yıkanması, yaprak dokusu üzerindeki E. coli popülasyonlarında önemli bir azalma göstermemiştir; bu, inoküle edilen bakterilerin yaprağa sıkıca bağlandığı (~3.5 ile 7 log MPN/g) ve yıkama uygulamalarıyla yok edilemeyeceği anlamına gelmektedir. Son olarak, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile enterik bakterilerin tere bitkisinin kolonizasyonu için kullanabilecekleri stomaların yanı sıra yaprak kıvrımlarında kalıcı biyofilm yapıları oluşturdukları tespit edilmiştir.M.S. - Master of Scienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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