1,721,020 research outputs found
An overview of the calendar year timelines used in quaternary science and human history, with special reference to sub-annual dating
Full text linkThe year 2025 celebrates the 1500th anniversary of the way we count years since and before the incarnation of Christ. The BC/AD timeline is used in natural and human sciences, with conversions to cal BP and b2k timelines, the latter two representing ages before AD 1950 and AD 2000. Though the timelines may seem established, there are more ways than one to count the calendar years, especially “before Christ” and “before present”. If not correctly addressed, the disparities may impair comparisons between sub-annually and annually resolved records available from tree rings and ice cores, in addition to those from historical documents. The offsets between the timelines range from 0.5 to 2.5 years, which may already be detrimental to determining the cause-effect relationships of short-term events such as volcanic eruptions; however, it is possible that the errors may accumulate if different labs and re-users of data repeat the misconceptions. For example, a tree-ring event dated to 1627.5 BC using one timeline might be misassigned to 1626.5 BC or 1625.5 BC using other timelines. Such confusion may arise due to a “year zero” that is missing from the historical timeline, when the AD and BC years are replaced by positive and negative decimal numbers and when the timelines are converted to the Cartesian coordinate system, and/or due to the timelines used for boreal and austral growing seasons. A previously published formula to convert calendar dates to cal BP dates should be replaced by modified formulae tailored to sub-annual dating in this paper. Similar formulae are also provided for converting b2k ages. Developments in the Quaternary dating methods suggest that the number of disciplines topical to this discussion is likely to increase in the near future. It is emphasized that a clear reference to the particular timeline employed must be clarified in every single individual geoscientific/interdisciplinary study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ontogenetic morphometrics of individual freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera (L.)) reconstructed from geometric conchology and trigonometric sclerochronology
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Palaeoclimatological and palaeolimnological records from fossil midges and tree-rings: the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in eastern Finland through the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age
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