188 research outputs found
Corruption - no rule of law - no democracy: could separately elected Attorneys General in a divided executive give Africa new hope? Experiences from the U. States of A
No full textThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Tilahun Teshome
in association with the Addis Ababa UniversityHistory has proven that, if freed from the grasp of the unitary executive, the
elected Attorney General flourishes as a lawyer for the law dedicated above all else to the "public interest." In light of these proven benefits, the pressing question becomes whether this tested design can help the people of Africa as they fight to reclaim their wayward governments. Might a popularly elected Attorney General steady the bridge so Africa can pass through to freedom and prosperity? More immediately,
does the divided executive with its elected attorney general represent a new hope for
Africa in combating corruption? The author takes a critical look at the evolution of the elected Attorney General and uses the role of the Attorney General in the United States of America as an example.
The author concludes that perhaps now is the time to start creating the history of Africa’s ultimate escape from the endless vestiges of colonialism still embedded in the unitary executive. Maybe now is the time for the peoples of Africa to borrow an idea from their American cousins and get their own lawyer!http://www.chr.up.ac.za/Centre for Human RightsLL
Genetic identification of cultivars and marker analysis in olives (Olea europaea L.) / Genet Teshome Mekuria.
No full textIncludes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis at back of thesis.Bibliography: leaves 130-144.vii, 146 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 200
Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress defense mechanisms of bovine granulosa cells exposed to heat stress
No full textIn most mammalian species including cattle, heat stress has detrimental effects on ovarian function through disturbing estradiol production and viability of granulosa cells. However, effect of heat stress and underlying cellular defense mechanisms of bovine granulosa cells is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on granulosa cells function and the associated defense mechanism. For this an in vitro granulosa cell model was used to investigate the role of elevated temperature (41 °C) on granulosa cell functions at 24 h and 48 h exposure compared to the control cultured at 37 °C. The results showed that reactive oxygen species level was higher in cells under 41 °C at 24 h compared to control. In response to increased reactive oxygen species level, the expression of NRF2 and its antioxidant genes, CAT and PRDX1 were higher in bovine granulosa cells exposed to heat stress. Interestingly, heat stress markedly increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker genes; GRP78 and GRP94, in cultured bovine granulosa cells at 24 h, and higher protein accumulation of GRP78 accompanied by increased expression of apoptotic genes, BAX and CASPASE-3. Moreover, heat stress significantly decreased the bovine granulosa cells proliferation, which was supported by decreased in the expression of proliferation marker gene PCNA. All in all heat stress induce reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis and reduced proliferation, which trigger the NRF2 mediated oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress response by bovine granulosa cells
Challenges and Opportunities for the Establishment of Community-Based Ecotourism in the Bale Mountains National Park
No full textThe Bale Mountain National Park and the neighboring communities have a lot of potential for community-based ecotourism development. The local community has various ecotourism assets that could be converted into successful community-based tourist goods, as discovered through interview and observation. Cultural activities, natural attractions, and other recreational options would all be included in these items. From a product perspective, the Endangered animals and plants, Fincanbera tourist site, Bodity Mountain, rivers and waterfalls viewing opportunities are good, recreational opportunities are diverse, and local cultures are alive and quite interesting.Despite the fantastic prospects and good environment for CBET development, the Park faces a number of difficult hurdles in growing community-based ecotourism. Low levels of local participation and benefit sharing, poor park-community relationships, settlement unsustainable livelihood, and exploitative resource use patterns all have an impact on the resource base required for the establishment of an ecotourism park.Other major impediments to the development of CBET found in the report include a lack of stakeholder engagement and initiatives, as well as a lack of dedication and devotion, particularly on the part of EWCO, local government, and other key stakeholders. Furthermore, policy, law, and regulatory problems have been identified as important roadblocks. The basic challenges to establishing CBET in the Bale Mountain National Park area are found in Ethiopian environmental policy, wildlife policy, tourism policy, and various legislations. Other infrastructural, manpower, and awareness-related challenges to creating community-based ecotourism in the Bale Mountain National Park area were also found in the study.GeographyMSc/M
Model Uncertainty of Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement: Examining the Effect of Modelling Strategies and Modes of Failure
No full textThe aim of this thesis project is to investigate the model uncertainty of non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures at ultimate limit state by focusing on concrete cracking model, concrete-reinforcement interaction model and mesh size. Following this, eight finite element modelling strategies are developed and 67 benchmark experiments on reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement are analysed.The measure of model uncertainty is using the ratio of experimental to numerical failure load and comparing predicted and experimental failure behaviour. A ratio that deviates form 1 indicates high model uncertainty with values <1 representing non-conservative predictions and values >1 representing conservative predictions.The eight modelling strategies are categorized into three groups. The first group is used to select shear retention model for the fixed crack concept and to study the behaviour of fixed and rotating crack concepts in combination with embedded reinforcement. The damage based and aggregate-size based shear retention models are investigated resulting in a mean model uncertainty ratio of 0.86 and 0.82 respectively. This indicates that on average both predict higher ultimate capacity when compared to experimental results with the aggregate size based shear retention model exhibiting higher model uncertainty. The aggregate size based model is not capable of predicting shear and mixed failure types while the damage based predicted accurate failure modes. On the other hand, the rotating crack model with embedded reinforcement shows failure due to delamination of the concrete cover. Replacement of the perfectly bonded embedded reinforcement by reinforcement with bond-slip demonstrated to predict accurate failure modes.The second group has the fixed crack model with damage based shear retention model and embedded reinforcement, which is referred to as F-EB-2-D and rotating crack model with bond-slip reinforcement named R-BS-2. Both modelling strategies have 50mm mesh size and result in mean model uncertainty ratio of 1.11 and 1.06 respectively which implies that on average both give conservative predictions of the ultimate capacity with R-BS-2 showing a better prediction. Both modelling strategies give higher model uncertainty for experiments with shear failure with F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2 predicting accurate failure modes for 48% and 51% of the experiments respectively. The beams with reinforcement ratio of ≤ 0.6% showed on average less model uncertainty in F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2. The third group is made by refining the mesh size of F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2 from 50mm to 25mm in critical section of the beams to formulate the modelling strategies F-EB-3-D and R-BS-3 . 16 experiments are re-analysed using this group and a lowered mean model uncertainty ratio of 0.93 and 0.95 is obtained for F-EB-3-D and R-BS-3 respectively although this is slightly non-conservative with accurate predictions for 81% of the 16 experiments. The correlation between model uncertainty and numerical failure mechanism is made using a ductility index which is defined as the ratio of the plastic dissipated energy in the reinforcement and the system. However the ductility index should be used together with model uncertainty if it is verified that the correct equations are solved accurately in the finite element analysis.Civil Engineerin
Factors maintaining sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) landrace diversity in North Shewa and South Welo regions of Ethiopia
No full textThesisThesis, Carleton University, 1996Thesis not IDRC supported; author received support for earlier RS
Book Review: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
No full textBook Title: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural LandscapeBook Author: Ronald A. ReminickLewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7734-1387-
Goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia) with unilateral ocular, cutaneous and skeletal features: case report
No full textAbstract Background Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an uncommon multisystem disorder. Herein, we report a typical case of FDH with unilateral ocular, cutaneous and skeletal features. Case Presentation a 4-year-old girl presented with microphthalmos and iris coloboma of the left eye, facial asymmetry, and a low-set protruding ear. Cutaneous changes included hypopigmented atrophic macules on the left side of the face, chest, abdomen and limbs. Characteristic lobster claw deformity of left hand and oligodactyly and syndactyly of left foot were present. Conclusions FDH usually affects both sides of the body. This case represents the unusual unilateral manifestation of the syndrome.</p
Book Review: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
No full textTitle of the Book: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
Author: Reminick, Ronald A.
Publisher: The Edwin Mellen Press
Year of Publication: 201
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