290 research outputs found
Cross-Platform Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue
No full textPaper Title: Cross-Platform Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue
Journal: PLoS ONE
Authors: Samuel R. Polio, Aritra Nath Kundu, Carey E. Dougan, Nathan P. Birch, D. Ezra Aurian-Blajeni, Jessica D. Schiffman, Alfred J. Crosby, Shelly R. Peyto
An Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Polio in Nigeria
No full textThis study examined the newspaper coverage of HIV/AIDS, malaria and polio in Nigeria to determine the level of attention Nigerian newspapers have given to these three diseases in their reportage over the years vis-a-vis their high prevalence in the country. The author performed content analysis on four Nigerian national newspapers covering from 2010 to 2013. Findings show that Nigerian newspapers have not given adequate attention to HIV/AIDS, malaria and polio in their health coverage. This, therefore, suggests that this may have contributed to the high prevalence of these diseases in Nigeria. The author, therefore, calls for more newspaper coverage of these diseases by Nigerian newspapers as well other media in order to reduce their prevalence in the Nigerian society. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, newspaper, health reporting, Nigeria
Eradikasi dan Babak Akhir Polio: Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Indonesia
No full textPoliomielitis adalah penyakit menular yangditandai dengan kelumpuhan akibat kerusakanmotor neuron di kornu anterior sumsum tulangbelakang; disebabkan oleh tiga serotipe virus polioyaitu serotipe 1 (brunhilde), serotipe 2 (lansig) danserotipe 3 (leon).1 Poliomielitis ditularkan secarafekal-oral atau oral-oral.Sebelum vaksin polio ditemukan, semua anakyang terinfeksi virus polio dan sekitar 1 dari 200anak yang terinfeksi akan menderita kelumpuhan.Setelah ditemukan vaksin polio inaktivasi (IPV,salk) pada tahun 1955, vaksin polio oral monovalen(mOPV, sabin) tahun 1961 dan vaksin polio oraltrivalen (tOPV) pada tahun 1963, program imunisasipolio berlangsung di seluruh dunia. Vaksin IPVdiganti dengan tOPV karena pemberiannyamudah, lebih unggul dalam merangsang kekebalanmukosa usus, dan lebih murah. Vaksin tOPV masukdalam Program Pengembangan Imunisasi/PPI diIndonesia sejak tahun 1978
‘The most feared disease of childhood and adolescence’ and ‘a deafening silence’: polio and post-polio in Australia
No full textExtremely contagious and potentially fatal, polio reaped an annual harvest from the late 19th through the middle of the 20th centuries. Polio has since been almost eradicated by programs of mass vaccination and is now forgotten. Yet the threat of polio persists in two ways. An unknown number of survivors suffer ‘post-polio syndrome’, with its crushing fatigue and further muscle weakening. Meanwhile, in rich countries, complacency, ignorance, suspicion and deliberate misinformation lead worryingly large numbers of parents to refuse to have their children vaccinated, with potentially tragic consequences. Ben Tipton was intrigued to find three recent books that feature this old disease here in Australia -- a history, a novel and an account of a broken family, all of them highly readable and rewarding. Read his very compelling article in the Australian Review of Public Affairs.
Book Title: Dancing in My Dreams: Confronting the Spectre of Polio
Publisher: Monash University Publishing
Date published: 2015
Author: Kerry Highley
Book Title: The Golden Age
Publisher: Random House/Vintage Books Australia
Date published: 2015
Author: Joan London
Book Title: Boy, Lost: A Family Memoir
Publisher: Queensland University Press
Date published: 2013
Author: Kristina Olsso
The Socialist World in Global Polio Eradication
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Presses Universitaires de France via the DOI in this recordWhile global polio eradication is most often associated with “philanthrocapitalism”, the program has its roots in the Cold War East. This paper shifts the beginnings of polio eradication by three decades and argues that the vaccine developed in the nexus of liberal internationalism and socialist international networks. The result of a collaboration between Albert Sabin, Soviet and Eastern European virologists and public health officials, the live polio vaccine used today in polio eradication programs began its global journey in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Cuba. The paperarticle argues that socialist ideas and practices of health provided fertile ground for a disease elimination program that rested on a combination of primary health structures and top-down initiatives. Taking the case of the Sabin vaccine, it considers the role of political systems in disease eradication
Polio Eradication Initiative: Contribution to improved communicable diseases surveillance in WHO African region
No full textAbstractIntroductionSince the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, there has been a tremendous progress in the reduction of cases of poliomyelitis. The world is on the verge of achieving global polio eradication and in May 2013, the 66th World Health Assembly endorsed the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan (PEESP) 2013–2018. The plan provides a timeline for the completion of the GPEI by eliminating all paralytic polio due to both wild and vaccine-related polioviruses.MethodsWe reviewed how GPEI supported communicable disease surveillance in seven of the eight countries that were documented as part of World Health Organization African Region best practices documentation. Data from WHO African region was also reviewed to analyze the performance of measles cases based surveillance.ResultsAll 7 countries (100%) which responded had integrated communicable diseases surveillance core functions with AFP surveillance. The difference is on the number of diseases included based on epidemiology of diseases in a particular country. The results showed that the polio eradication infrastructure has supported and improved the implementation of surveillance of other priority communicable diseases under integrated diseases surveillance and response strategy.ConclusionAs we approach polio eradication, polio-eradication initiative staff, financial resources, and infrastructure can be used as one strategy to build IDSR in Africa. As we are now focusing on measles and rubella elimination by the year 2020, other disease-specific programs having similar goals of eradicating and eliminating diseases like malaria, might consider investing in general infectious disease surveillance following the polio example
Global eradication of polio: the case for "finishing the job"
No full textWhile seven years have passed since 2000, the target set for the eradication of polio, success remains elusive. In 2006, despite coordinated international efforts, there was no major breakthrough in containing the polio virus, which persists in a few pockets in the four countries in which it is endemic. The polio eradication programme faces new hurdles such as importation, re-emergence and failure of political and community mobilization. The decreasing morale of health workers and volunteers, doubts about the efficacy of oral polio vaccine and ever-increasing programme costs and funding challenges are other issues to be addressed. This paper describes the ongoing conventional strategy adopted for polio eradication, then analyses existing challenges and some possible solutions. The author suggests that major modifications and additions to the ongoing conventional strategy are required in order to create a multi-pronged, area-specific strategy that can finish the job of polio eradication. This should include an area-specific approach, community dialogue, enhanced political advocacy and compulsory vaccination, as well as the use of inactivated polio vaccine in endemic countries even before the transmission of wild polio virus has been halted. This appears to be the best way to achieve eradication at the earliest opportunity
Why the Furor about Polio?
No full textPoliomyelitis is one of such diseases as measles and dracunculiasis that can be eradicated, because it meets the criteria for eradicable diseases: being infectious, having humans as major host, effective vaccines or treatment available for their control, and the availability of political and financial support for the eradication efforts. Ghana, with the rest of the world has already come far in the fight against polio, by reducing its incidence drastically (to zero as of now). The disease can only be prevented but not reversible, once infection results in paralysis and leaves victims permanently maimed, almost invariably reducing their quality of life. The recent outbreak (caused by a circulating vaccine-derived virus of the type 2 strain) was a call to pay more attention to the disease in order to realize the global aim of its elimination. All the attention needed by the disease is center around vaccination, which indeed was the tool used in combating the outbreak that ensued in Ghana
Polio and Disability in Cold War Hungary
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this record.This chapter argues that concepts of an individual's role in society shaped medical treatment and views of disability, which contributed to the celebrated polio child in one environment, and her invisibility in another. Concerns over children’s physical health and ability were shared experiences across post- World War II societies, and the figure of the child was often used as a tool to reach over the Iron Curtain. However, key differences in how children with polio were perceived, and as a result treated, followed Cold War fault lines. Thus, through the lens of disability, new perspectives emerge on the history of the Cold War, polio and childhood
Should more attention be paid to polio sequela cases in China?
No full textSince “Global Polio Eradication Initiative” was launched by World Health Assembly in 1988, the incidence rate of polio has been reduced by more than 99%, and the whole world has entered a post polio era nowadays. China has been a polio free status recognized by World Health Organization for 22 years and most people believe that no more public health concerns need to be given. How is the population of polio survivors in China? What strategies of health economics and actions of public health for those with polio are ethically appropriate? This article, first of all, deeply summarizes and analyzes the history, current situation and unmet needs of population with polio sequelae and post-polio syndrome in China, and then, puts forward important issues faced by polio survivors who natural infected and who due to vaccine associated paralytic polio and vaccine derived poliovirus. The management of polio survivor is not only a medical and rehabilitation problem involving accessibility, accommodations, but also a public health issue, and most importantly, an ethical concern. Furthermore, from the perspective of ethics such as Justice and Cooperation, the author demonstrates the rationality and necessity of continuing to pay more attention to polio sequela cases at this stage in China. Finally, many valuable suggestions and practical recommendations are given
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