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The Tradition of Melayokaken in Using Society: The Causal Factors and Its Impacts
Get PDFThis article discusses the tradition of Melayokaken, the causal factors, and the impacts of the tradion on Using Society in Banyuwangi. Melayokaken, as a tradition of elopement, had been maintained by Using community for a long time. For some Using People in Banyuwangi (UPB), this tradition was regarded as a pride because it could help to maintain the tradition that had been formed since the time of their ancestors. But on the other hand, melayokaken tradition is considered violating the norms followed by Using people, namely religious norms, anti conflicts and living in peace. The method used in this study is qualitative method. Data were collected through participatory observations, interviews, notings, and recordings. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This research resulted in the finding that there is a factor that can maintain the tradition of melayokaken, namely as an alternative means to resolve the impasse communication in entering the marriage, for example due to: differences in status and social class, educational factors, the bride family may not marry more than one time in a year, the bridegroom candidate has not got a job yet, the candidates of the bride and the bridegroom are not yet old enough, the birth dates of the two are not good and matched, the marriage must not precede an older sister marriage, the bride candidate has already been betrothed by parents.
This entails two impacts of the tradition, namely positive and negative. The positive side proves that melayokaken can penetrate the gap in status and social class between the two families and the things which are recognized less rational in the contemporary perspective. And the negative side proves that melayokaken had violated the norms, ethics, and religious values embraced by Using society although there was no significant impact on the doers’ social lives and in the community
The Intended Meaning of the Idiomatic Utterances Used in the Selected Speech of President Barack Obama in Addressing between the United States and Muslim Countries (Maksud yang Terkandung dalam Ungkapan-ungkapan Idiom yang Digunakan dalam beberapa Pilihan
Get PDFPemakaian Idiom digunakan dalam berbagai situasi, yakni situasi informal dan formal dalam pidato. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini diantaranya untuk meneliti beberapa tujuan komunikasi pembicara dan maksud tersirat idiom pada ungkapan metafor yang digunakan oleh pembicara dalam berpidato. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan ungkapan idiom secara lebih jauh dalam konsep metafor. Konsep tersebut digunakan untuk membahas tentang beberapa tujuan pembicara yang menghubungkan antara sistem pemahaman dan pengalaman pembicara tersebut di dunia nyata. Objek kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah transkrip pilihan dari pidato Obama yang membahas tentang hubungan Amerika dan negara-negara Muslim. Teori konsep metafor diaplikasikan untuk menggambarkan ungkapan-ungkapan yang digunakan oleh Obama, khususnya idiom, yang mengacu pada hubungan negara-negara tersebut. Ungkapan idiom ini menghasilkan maksud tersirat, oleh karena itu peninjauan tindak tutur tak langsung dari teori yang digagas oleh Searle (dalam Yule, 1996) serta pelanggaran maksim yang digagas oleh Grice (dalam Levinson, 1983) dipakai untuk mencapai maksud dan tujuan Obama dalam menyampaikan pidato di negara-negara Muslim tersebut. Selanjutnya, teori pelanggaran maksim diaplikasikan untuk mengetahui beberapa maksud ungkapan idiom Obama. Dengan demikian, kajian konsep metafor (Kövecses, 2002) dan dua teori pendukung tersebut dipakai dalam penelitian ini. Kajian penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menggambarkan dan menafsirkan ungkapan idiom dalam pidato tersebut. Dalam hasil penelitian ini dibuktikan bahwa Obama banyak menggunakan ekspresi idiom dalam berpidato. Ungkapan-ungkapan idiom tidak hanya digunakan untuk memperhalus gaya berpidato Obama, namun juga untuk mengungkapkan secara tidak langsung tujuan-tujuan komunikasi Obama dalam menyampaikan pidato di negara-negara Muslim. Kata Kunci: Idiom, Konsep metafor, Prinsip Koperatif, Pelanggaran maksim, Tindak tutur, Konteks situasi Abstract The use of idioms is applied in any situations, informal and formal situation of the speech. The aims of this research are to examine the speaker’s communicative purposes and implied meanings based on idiom in metaphorical expressions he used in delivering speech. Further, this research discusses more about the use of idiom in metaphorical concept. Such concept is used to treat the speaker’s intentions related to his perceptual system and experience with the real world. The transcripts of selected speech of Obama in addressing between the United States and Muslim countries are used as the objects. The theory of conceptual metaphor is applied to describe Obama’s idiomatic expressions to address the relationship between those countries. Since idioms generate intended meanings, the observations of indirect speech acts proposed by Searle (as cited in Yule, 1996) and maxims violation proposed by Grice (as cited in Levinson, 1983) are required to get the further interpretation. The theory of indirect speech acts is used to achieve the aims of Obama performing speeches in Muslim Countries. Further, violating maxims are treated to explore the implied meanings of Obama’s idiomatic expressions. Thus, the study of conceptual metaphor (Kövecses, 2002) and two supporting theories of speech acts and maxims violation are conducted in this research. This study employs qualitative research to describe and to interpret the idiomatic utterances in Obama’s speeches. The result of this research proved that Obama uses many idiomatic expressions in his speeches. The idiomatic expressions are used not only to refine the rhetorical style in his speeches, but also to imply Obama’s communicative purposes in delivering speech in Muslim Countries. Keywords: Idiom, Conceptual metaphor, Cooperative Principle, Flouting maxims, Speech acts, Context of situatio
The Tradition of Melayokaken in Using Society: The Causal Factors and Its Impacts
No full textJurnal Humaniora, Vol. 29, Number 1 February 2017This article discusses the tradition of Melayokaken, the causal factors, and the impacts
of the tradion on Using Society in Banyuwangi. Melayokaken, as a tradition of elopement; had
been maintained by Using community for a long time. For some Using People in Banyuwangi
(UPB), this tradition was regarded as a pride because it could help to maintain the tradition that
had been formed since the time of their ancestors. But on the other hand, melayokaken tradition is
considered violating the norms followed by Using people, namely religious norms, anti conflicts and
living in peace. The method used in this study is qualitative method. Data were collected through
participatory observations, interviews, notings, and recordings. The method of analysis used in
this research is descriptive qualitative method. This research resulted in the finding that there is a
factor that can maintain the tradition of melayokaken, namely as an alternative means to resolve
the impasse communication in entering the marriage, for example due to: differences in status and
social class, educational factors, the bride family may not marry more than one time in a year, the
bridegroom candidate has not got a job yet, the candidates of the bride and the bridegroom are not
yet old enough, the birth dates of the two are not good and matched, the marriage must not precede
an older sister marriage, the bride candidate has already been betrothed by parents.
This entails two impacts of the tradition, namely positive and negative. The positive side
proves that melayokaken can penetrate the gap in status and social class between the two families
and the things which are recognized less rational in the contemporary perspective. And the negative
side proves that melayokaken had violated the norms, ethics, and religious values embraced by Using
society although there was no significant impact on the doers' social lives and in the community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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