1,720,952 research outputs found
Workflow Driven Decision Support Systems: A case of an intra-operative visualization system for surgeons
No full textInadequate visualization during Minimally Invasive Surgeries (MIS) has led several technology research labs to develop decision support systems such as Intra-operative Visualization Systems (IVS). IVS focuses on providing surgeons with real-time imaging support to improve task visualization and navigation. Though exciting, this emerging field also presents challenges in terms of design, development, implementation and integration of various technologies in the surgical workplace. While developing a technically robust IVS which integrates various imaging sources may help visualizing the patient data, it may not serve its true purpose: to adequately support surgeons in making the right decisions. Development of IVS should therefore be not just “technology intensive”; but “Knowledge Intensive Visualization System (KIVS)”. This means that these systems should aim to provide the knowledge to make informed decisions by providing the surgeon with the necessary patient information. This thesis is an example of the role design as a discipline can play in guiding the user-centered technological innovation in the area of medical informatics, especially in the case where the development depends on creating collaborative design between different scientific disciplines: surgical, technological (medical informatics) and design. Visualization of the patient information which supports surgical decision making in KIVS is dependent on knowledge of surgical workflow- which means knowledge of how surgeons solve problems and make decisions while performing the procedure. Surgical workflow depends on a dynamic information flow between the system, the surgeon, the patient, and the surgical team. Surgical workflow is also linked in time over the three surgical phases: pre-operative (before surgery), intra-operative (during surgery), and post-operative (post surgery). This thesis focuses on answering the following research questions: (a) What are the constituents or task boundaries of the surgical workspace that influence the surgical workflow or the surgical problem-solving process? (b) How can the knowledge of the surgical workflow be incorporated into the design of KIVS so as to improve decision-making and thus the performance of the surgeons?(c) In a multidisciplinary development team of surgeons, technology engineers and designers, what steps are required in the KIVS development process to facilitate collaborative design? Based on empirical studies with surgeons, this thesis proposed a design framework called “Workflow-centered design framework”. This framework assists in analyzing the surgical workflow which eventually leads to the development of the knowledge repository of surgical procedure, information and design requirements for the KIVS. This framework has been applied to support workflow driven development of two KIVS prototypes taking a case of upcoming MIS to treat cancer in liver called Radio frequency Ablation (RFA). These prototypes have been developed involving real-time image fusion between imaging modalities such as intra-operative Ultrasound (US) and pre-operative Computerized Tomography (CT) scan. The results from the evaluative study showed significant improvements in the performance of expert intervention radiologists and medical students while performing RFA using KIVS compared to US. In particular, intra-operative planning time and task accuracy of hitting the right tumor in the center showed significant improvement. The findings demonstrated the importance of workflow driven patient data visualization in improving surgical decision making. The framework proposed in this thesis serves as a means to generate the scientific knowledge required to drive user-centered development of KIVS. The contribution of this thesis is at three levels: - The framework proposed in this thesis contributes to design and ergonomics literature as a practical example of application of user centered design to drive innovative technological development of KIVS for complex workspaces such as the surgical theatre. - It contributes to the medical informatics by integrating cognitive theories as a foundation which guides the development of KIVS. - The KIVS prototype serves as a development aid to guide future technological innovation in the area of intra-operative visualization system for RFA and for MIS in general.Product Innovation ManagementIndustrial Design Engineerin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A system for visualization and automatic placement of the endoclamp balloon catheter
Get PDFThe European research network "Augmented Reality in Surgery" (ARIS*ER) developed a system that supports minimally invasive cardiac surgery based on augmented reality (AR) technology. The system supports the surgical team during aortic endoclamping where a balloon catheter has to be positioned and kept in place within the aorta. The presented system addresses the two biggest difficulties of the task: lack of visualization and difficulty in maneuvering the catheter. The system was developed using a user centered design methodology with medical doctors, engineers and human factor specialists equally involved in all the development steps. The system was implemented using the AR framework "Studierstube" developed at TU Graz and can be used to visualize in real-time the position of the balloon catheter inside the aorta. The spatial position of the catheter is measured by a magnetic tracking system and superimposed on a 3D model of the patient's thorax. The alignment is made with a rigid registration algorithm. Together with a user defined target, the spatial position data drives an actuator which adjusts the position of the catheter in the initial placement and corrects migrations during the surgery. Two user studies with a silicon phantom show promising results regarding usefulness of the system: the users perform the placement tasks faster and more accurately than with the current restricted visual support. Animal studies also provided a first indication that the system brings additional value in the real clinical setting. This work represents a major step towards safer and simpler minimally invasive cardiac surgery.Industrial Design Engineerin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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