1,720,982 research outputs found
Regulatory Analysis of Distributed Generation installed by Distribution Utilities
Full text linkThis paper presents an analysis of current regulations and global trends regarding the Distributed Generation (DG) that can be installed by distribution utilities. A study on the implications of installing DG in distribution networks is presented, from both perspectives of the utility and the regulator. In addition, an analysis of the benefits of installing DG from technical, economic and political points of view is explained. Finally, regulatory recommendations and general guidelines of a mechanism for encouraging distribution utilities to invest in DG units are exposed, with the purpose that both the utilities and the consumers can take advantage of resulting benefits.Fil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Reta, Rodolfo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin
Investment decisions in distribution networks under uncertainty with distributed generation-part I: Model formulation
Full text linkInvestment in distributed generation (DG) is an attractive distribution planning option for adding flexibility to an expansion plan, mainly by deferring network reinforcements. In this first part of a two-part paper, a risk-based optimization approach is proposed to model a multistage distribution expansion planning problem that takes DG into account as a flexible option to temporarily defer large network investments. Five features of the installation of DG related to location, size, type, operation and timing are all optimized. The evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method is applied to solve this mixed integer nonlinear problem. A return-per-risk index is proposed to assess expansion investments. This index achieves an efficient synergy between the expected return and the risk of investments by performing Monte Carlo simulations. In turn, the flexibility of network investment deferral is assessed through a real option valuation. Finally, in order to quantify the investment deferral benefit, the expected return from a traditional expansion plan (without DG) is compared to the return obtained from a flexible expansion plan (with DG). In the companion paper, the proposed approach is tested on a typical Latin American distribution network; implementation aspects and analysis of numerical results are presented.Fil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energia Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energia Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energia Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energia Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energia Eléctrica; Argentin
Latin American Energy Markets: Investment Opportunities in Nonconventional Renewables
Full text linkLatin America is very rich from the point of view of its varied energy resources, with an abundance of hydroelectric generation and large reserves of fossil fuels. At present, although there is a general awareness of climate change issues associated with fossil fuel use, the facts show that economic needs over the short and medium terms are the engine of technology change.Fil: Vargas, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Osvaldo R.. Universidade Federal do Maranhao; BrasilFil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rodriguez, Rodrigo. Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios Publicos; Panam
Short-term economic dispatch of smart distribution grids considering the active role of plug-in electric vehicles
No full textA new methodology to dispatch in an economic and controlled manner the energy requirements of multiple energy storage devices, dispersed generators and loads belonging to a smart distribution grid (SDG) is presented in this paper. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are mainly managed over a 24-hour time window. To maximize the economic social welfare of both a utility and PEV working as prosumers, this short-term economic dispatch (ED) problem incorporates two optimization processes interacting as an integrated model. In the first, aggregators located in the SDG maximize the economic benefits obtained by a PEV group. Fuzzy inference systems are used to estimate the decisions made by each PEV during its participation in energy exchanges with the SDG, which influence the PEV benefits. Using these results and a Mean-Variance Mapping Optimization algorithm, the economic benefits of the utility are maximized in the second process and, the ED is then solved.Fil: Benalcázar Páez, Patricio Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin
Risk assessment in planning high penetrations of solar photovoltaic installations in distribution systems
No full textThe stochastic nature of several renewable energy resources adds a layer of complexity to the planning of the distribution networks. Distributed energy storage is a potential solution for buffering the intermittent supply of energy from such stochastic resources and increasing reliability. This paper quantifies the benefit of investing in battery energy storage systems (BESS) along with relatively high solar photovoltaic (PV) penetrations to defer capital-intensive investments in distribution system assets. Uncertainties in the load growth and the solar PV generation are considered in the assessment of risk by using modified risk-adjusted cost ratios. Furthermore, the size and allocation of BESS in the network system are optimized by applying a heuristic algorithm. The results are demonstrated via simulations on a typical Latin American distribution network. Simulation results indicate that the flexibility of BESS for distribution planning lies in closely accommodating the growth demand and distributed PV integration.Fil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Eldali, Fathalla A.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Suryanarayanan, Siddharth. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unido
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Smart distribution networks with high penetration of electric vehicles: challenges and solutions for efficient operation
Full text linkLa conexión no controlada de una gran cantidad de vehículos eléctricos, puede afectar severamente el estado operativo de la red eléctrica de distribución. Estos vehículos tienen la capacidad de consumir, almacenar y suministrar energía. En este contexto, es fundamental desarrollar algoritmos y herramientas de cálculo, para despachar económicamente y de manera controlada los requerimientos impuestos por los mismos. Para facilitar esta funcionalidad, se requiere de sistemas que interactúen entre los vehículos eléctricos y los operadores de los centros de control de distribución. Una alternativa para ello es utilizar el concepto de los “agregadores”. En este sentido, el presente trabajo describe las características y funcionalidad de los agregadores. Además, propone una estructura jerárquica de control y analiza el rol de los agregadores en el despacho económico de una red de distribución que integra una gran cantidad de vehículos.The uncontrolled release of a large amount of free electric vehicles, can severely affect the operational status of the power distribution network. These vehicles are able to consume, storing and delivering energy. In this context, it is essential to develop algorithms and calculation tools to economically dispatch and controlled manner the requirements imposed by them. To facilitate this functionality, it requires systems that interact with electric vehicles and operators of distribution control centers. An alternative to this is to use the concept of “aggregators.” In this sense, this paper describes the features and functionality of the aggregators. It also proposes a hierarchical control structure and analyzes the role of aggregators in the economic dispatch of a distribution network that integrates a large number of vehicles.Fil: Benalcázar Páez, Patricio Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Alberto. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Grid parity analysis of distributed PV generation considering tariff policies in Argentina
No full textThis work analyzes the grid parity of distributed photovoltaic generation (DG-PV) in the province of San Juan-Argentina, proving that currently, the levelized cost of DG-PV is on average 20% higher than the tariff price for residential customers. In order to achieve the grid parity, the provincial government should implement incentive mechanisms such as the Net Billing proposed in the National Law 27.424 (2017). The impact of the Net Billing scheme proposed in such law, from the point of view of a typical residential user, and also compared with the impact of the Net Metering and Feed-in Tariff mechanisms are presented in this work. Results show that the Net Metering scheme could be the most profitable or economically beneficial for PV-owners, but it could have some negative impact on the incomes of utilities. Besides, investment decisions in renewable distributed generation are significantly affected by technological costs, national financial conditions, and tariffs. This analysis also suggests that taxes included in the tariff structure are an important aspect to take into account for implementing incentive mechanisms. Finally, some energy policies are recommended to guarantee the profitability of DG-PV systems and to assist the government in making decisions to promote these systems.Fil: Samper, Mauricio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Coria Pantano, Gustavo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Facchini, Marcos Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin
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