1,720,961 research outputs found
What Is the Future of European Cyber Security? Three Principles of European Cooperation and the Hybrid Joint Strategy of Cyber Defence
Full text linkThe author argues that EU member states should pursue a joint strategy of cyber security and cyber defence. This claim does not immediately imply support for current EU legislation, in particular for enforcing the NIS Directive or the operation of ENISA in its currently planned capacity. Instead, three principles of European cooperation are discussed and followed
by a proposal to centre the joint strategic effort around promoting and explicating the practical and procedural consequences of these principles. A bottom-up approach to joining and uniformization of European cyber defence is presented, aligned with the notion of Europeanization in security policy in the sense of E. Gross and R. Ladrech. This approach requires that European cyber security agencies, including ENISA, focus their efforts on addressing the trust defi cit among the member states through facilitating the environment for safe information exchange, instead of communicating with the member states through the medium of regulations and prescribing security standards. More generally, the author postulates that the European authorities embrace the inherent political character of international trust-building and aspire to the role of mediator, as opposed to presenting themselves as apolitical agents focused on the purely technical aspects of European cyber security
Logika adaptywna dla rozumowań w prawie : porównanie z użyciem klasycznego rachunku zdań na przykładzie sądowej analizy zeznań świadków
No full textCitizens' cybersecurity in the Visegrad Group
No full textIn the programme of the Slovak presidency in the V4 Group from 2014 we find the following desiderata related to enhancing the growth of V4's digital economy: the Slovak Presidency focuses on protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms in connection with the use of information and communication infrastructure in order to harmonize the approaches taken by V4 countries.1 This paper will present the legislative and political examples which stand to show that none of the desiderata has been properly pursued since 2014 by the Slovak presidency, or made up for by the Czech (2015-2016) and Polish (2017-2018) presidencies in the Visegrad Group
Współczesne metody rozumowań prawniczych w dorobku polskiej teorii prawa – podsumowanie V Zjazdu Młodych Teoretyków Prawa „Teoria prawa między nowoczesnością a ponowoczesnością”, Kraków, 15–18 września 2011 r.
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Violation of privacy in migration control decreases citizens' liberties and public accountability
Full text linkIn this paper I explore the infl uence of the state’s approach to foreigners (migrant or nonmigrant) on the rule of law within the receiving country, limiting my considerations to the problem of protecting the right to privacy. My key argument is that normalizing infringement on the privacy of foreigners, for example due to a certain recurrent ‘state of emergency’, leads to weakening of the execution of privacy protection by means of ground-level regulations. I begin by analyzing the diff erence between the right to privacy and privacy laws, and proceed to make this diff erence clearer by analyzing the foundations of privacy protection in two distinct legal systems, i.e. that of Poland and the USA. Then, I present the similarities and diff erences in treating the foreigners and the citizens of a country using the example of mass surveillance. These observations lead to proposing an answer to the following question: why are foreigners treated diff erently in the context of privacy? Finally, I describe the nature of the aforementioned ‘state of emergency’ and get into more detail on the relationship between security and privacy infringement. The key point of this paper will be made by describing the process of weakening the citizens’ privacy protection by using the regulations and technology developed for the sake of alleviating the ‘state of emergency’ related to the foreigners
How is political privacy different from personal privacy? : an argument from democratic governance
No full textIn this paper I discuss the political value of the right to privacy. The classical accounts of privacy do not differentiate between privacy as the right of a citizen against other citizens vs. the right to privacy as the right against the state or the government. I shall argue that this distinction should be made, since the new context of the privacy debate has surpassed the historical frames in which the intelligence methods used by governments were comparable to those available to individuals. I also present cases in which political privacy serves as an instrument of protecting important collective agendas exceeding the context of personal privacy. I argue that due to its function, political privacy should be considered a necessary element of democratic governance with the rule of law, imposing legal bounds on governments’ discretionary actions
Efektywność ekonomiczna w świetle wspólnego działania instytucji prawnych : case study spraw o wykorzystanie utworu
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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