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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Translational Approaches and Preclinical Modeling to Address the Unmet Needs of Ards/Vili
No full textAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious critical care illness that occurs as a complication of predisposing conditions such as sepsis, trauma, acid aspiration, and bacteria- and virus-induced pneumonias. ARDS has high mortality rate of 30-40% (pre-COVID 19 pandemic). As the unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 has increased the need to find effective FDA-approved ARDS therapies, the goal of the current study is to address three key unmet needs in ARDS/ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). The first unmet need is to find novel FDA-approved ARDS therapeutics that reduce the severity and mortality of ARDS/VILI. The second unmet need is to develop large animal models of ARDS/VILI that recapitulate features of human ARDS/VILI and allow for effective validation of potential biomarkers and testing of novel therapeutics. The third unmet need is to obtain novel phenotypic tools to fully assess preclinical lung fluid imbalance and multi-organ dysfunction. Numerous potential ARDS therapeutics, based upon preclinical rodent studies that utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the insult without further lung injury related to mechanical ventilation (MV), have failed in human clinical trials. Previously, we utilized preclinical multispecies ARDS models coupled with genomic-intensive approaches to identify novel ARDS biomarkers and targetable pathways. We identified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a novel damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein and attractive ARDS target. Our data demonstrated that the intravenous administration of an eNAMPT-neutralizing polyclonal antibody (pAb) significantly attenuated the severity of murine VILI. In the current study, we examine humanized eNAMPT-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for potential therapeutic efficacy in rodent LPS/VILI models and apply the lead mAb, ALT-100 mAb, in an innovative ARDS/VILI porcine model that we have developed. In addition, we evaluate phenotypic tools, such as chest ultrasound and radiograph, to fully assess the lung fluid imbalance in the preclinical models and evaluate the eNAMPT ALT-100 mAb efficacy on ARDS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), as part of the ARDS multi-organ dysfunction. Methods. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were challenged with intratracheal (IT) LPS. Eighteen hours (18 hr) later, animals were either harvested “one-hit model” or connected to high tidal volume (Vt) mechanical ventilation (MV) for 4 hr before harvesting “two-hit model”. Animals received eNAMPT ALT-100 mAb concurrently with LPS instillation and prior to exposure to MV. In the porcine ARDS model, we utilized Yucatan minipigs receiving either IV LPS to induce septic shock, or both IT- and IV-delivered LPS to induce the pneumonia/septic shock/ARDS. Animals were intubated and connected to high Vt mechanical ventilation for 12 hr. Animals received the eNAMPT ALT-100 mAb IV at either 2 hr or 6 hr after initiation of septic shock and VILI. Animals were monitored continuously for 12 hr. Chest ultrasound and chest X-ray images were captured at time zero, 2 hr, and 12 hr after the start of LPS/MV exposure. BAL fluid, blood, urine, lung, and kidney tissues were collected at the end of study.
Results. Compared to sepsis/ARDS-exposed, PBS-treated animals, - rats and pigs treated with the eNAMPT-neutralizing ALT-100 mAb (0.4 mg/kg, 2 hr or 6 hr after injury initiation) demonstrated significantly diminished severity of lung injury (histology, BAL PMNs, plasma cytokines), and reduced biochemical/genomic evidence of NF-kB/MAP kinase/cytokine receptor signaling, and AKI (histology, plasma lipocalin). ALT-100 mAb treatment effectively preserved lung fluid balance in pigs reflected by reduced BAL protein/tissue albumin levels, lung wet/dry tissue weight ratios, ultrasound-derived B lines, and chest radiograph opacities. ALT-100 treatment also decreased lung/renal injury indices in LPS/VILI-exposed rats and pigs when delivered 2 hr or 6 hr after injury initiation.
Conclusions. These studies indicate that delivery of the eNAMPT-neutralizing ALT-100 mAb, even at a delayed time point after initial injury, directly mitigates the serious unmet need for novel ARDS therapeutics. The ALT-100 mAb reduced inflammatory lung injury, preserved lung fluid balance, and reduced multi-organ dysfunction. Moreover, the porcine preclinical ARDS model proved to be a robust tool to assess ALT-100 mAb efficacy and the therapeutic potential of other ARDS therapeutic candidates. Chest ultrasound and chest X-ray images may provide simple and inexpensive methods to longitudinally assess lung fluid imbalance and surrogate responses to ARDS therapeutics.
Release after 05/10/202
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Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of eNAMPT Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) in Preclinical Models of Acute Lung Injury and ARDS
No full textAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating inflammatory lung disease which results in acute respiratory failure. ARDS affects more than 400,000 individuals annually in the USA with high mortality rate (30–40%). Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential part of the current ARDS management. However, MV itself may lead to ARDS. There remains a serious unmet need for effective therapies for ARDS. Our previous lab results demonstrated that excessive mechanical stress induces spatially-localized nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT) expression (1) with robust expression and secretion by lung endothelial cells (ECs) into the circulation with extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) a novel biomarker in ARDS (1, 2). We have used a polyclonal NAMPT antibody as a potential therapy in many preclinical ARDS animal models such as ventilator-induced Lung Injury (VILI) (3), LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury (4), pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) (5), and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) (12). Since the polyclonal antibodies cannot be used in humans, we next developed a mouse mAb that can neutralize eNAMPT in humans. From 2 murine eNAMPT mAbs, 2 were selected and 50 humanized mAbs generated. These were screened in vitro for eNAMPT neutralization and 7 humanized mAbs selected for evaluation in C57/BL6 mice (8–12 wks.) utilizing our preclinical LPS and two-hit (LPS+VILI) ALI models. We further designed an integrated ALI severity scoring system to evaluate responses these Abs. This scoring system is composed of four elements: total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts (CC), total BAL protein levels, lung tissue cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickness. Of the seven eNAMPT mAbs, UU, XX and P were the most effective in attenuating lung injury in our preclinical ARDS models. As a conclusion, application of IV delivered eNAMPT mAbs were evaluated in our integrated ALI severity scoring system with evaluation of eNAMPT mAbs UU, XX and P in large animal models of ARDS prior to evaluation as a therapeutic strategy in clinical trials for patients with ARDS.Thesis not available (per author's request
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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