95 research outputs found
Visualizing and Understanding Contrastive Learning
No full textThis research received funding from the FWO (Grants G014718N,
G0A4720N and 1SB5721N) and from imec through the AAA project
Trustworthy AI Methods (TAIM)
Model-agnostic visual explanations via approximate bilinear models
No full textThis research received funding from the Flemish Government under the "Onderzoeksprogramma Artificiele Intelligentie (AI) Vlaanderen" programme, and from the FWO (Grants 1SB5721N and G0A4720N), Belgium
Hezbollah as urban planner? Questions to and from planning theory
No full text[No abstract available]Charara W., 1996, DAWLAT HEZBOLLAH; CLERC V, 1996, THESIS U PARIS 8 PAR; Davis DE, 2003, IRREGULAR ARMED FORC; DEBOULET A, 2006, WORLD C SOC DURB S A; FAWAZ M, 2007, ISIM REV FAL, P22; FAWAZ M, 2005, NGOS GOVERNANCE ARAB, P229; FAWAZ M, 2007, RECONSTRUCTION H HRE; Friedman J., 1987, PLANNING PUBLIC DOMA; GHANDOUR M, 2008, MIDDL E CTR C NEG SP; Hall P., 1988, CITIES TOMORROW; HARB M, HEZBOLLAH B IN PRESS; Harb M, 2005, THIRD WORLD Q, V26, P173, DOI 10.1080-0143659042000322973; HILAL N, 2008, THESIS AM U BEIRUT; QASIM N, 2002, HEZBOLLAH AL MANHAJ; QUILTY J, 2007, MERIP, V37, P31; Sandercock L., 1998, COSMOPOLIS; YIFTACHEL O, 2001, POWER PLANNING; Yiftachel O, 2000, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V24, P418, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.0025542
The politics of property in planning: Hezbollah's reconstruction of Haret Hreik (Beirut, Lebanon) as case study
No full textThis research looks at post-2006-war reconstruction of the southern suburbs of Beirut under the auspices of Hezbollah (the Islamic resistance movement in Lebanon). The project was widely acclaimed as an alternative to current neoliberal planning practices in the Middle East and beyond. Based on a critical reading of the conception of property issues in this planning project, the article argues that this reconstruction presents a new geometry or alternative to the mainstream configuration of neoliberal urbanism, rather than a departure from its precepts. The reason for this is that the adopted language of property corresponds closely with the conception of property advocated by neoliberal planning, one that enshrines private, individual ownership as sacred and desirable and that works to strengthen its model in the city. I further argue that the 'neoliberal planning regime' within which Hezbollah's urban intervention occurs is not accidental; rather, it is necessary for the party's control of this space's future and for consolidating its territory in the city. It is hence expected that Hezbollah's planning in the city will produce the same decried effects as neoliberal planning elsewhere in the city rather than usher an innovative, progressive model of planning. © 2014 Urban Research Publications Limited.Abi-Samra M., 2004, WAR TESTIMONIE UNPUB; Blackmar E., 2006, POLITICS PUBLIC SPAC; Blomley N., 2004, UNSETTLING CITY; Blomley N, 2004, ANTIPODE, V36, P614, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8330.2004.00440.x; Bollens S. A., 2012, CITY SOUL DIVIDED SO; Bromley D., 1991, ENV EC PROPERTY RIGH; Davis Mike, 2007, EVIL PARADISES DREAM; De Soto Hernando, 2003, MYSTERY CAPITAL WHY; Deboulet A., 2011, CITIES SOVEREIGNTY N; Fawaz M, 2009, PLAN THEOR, V8, P323, DOI 10.1177-1473095209341327; Fawaz M., TAKING LEFE IN PRESS; Fawaz M., 2004, NGOS GOVERNANCE ARAB; Fawaz M., 2007, RECONSTRUCTION HARET; Foucault M., 1991, FOUCAULT EFFECT; Harb M., 2000, ARAB WORLD GEOGRAPHE, V3.4, P272; Harb M., 2010, LESSONS POSTWAR RECO; Harb M., 2010, HEZBOLLAH BEYROUTH B; Hilal N., 2008, THESIS AM U BEIRUT B; Lefebvre Henri, 2003, URBAN REVOLUTION; Lefebvre Henri, 2000, PRODUCTION ESPACE; Lorde A., 1984, SISTER OUTSIDER ESSA; Low S., 2006, POLITICS PUBLIC SPAC; McCann EJ, 2003, J URBAN AFF, V25, P159, DOI 10.1111-1467-9906.t01-1-00004; Mervin S., 2008, HEZBOLLAH ETAT LIEUX; Mitchell Don, 1996, LIE LAND MIGRANT WOR; Qassem N., 2002, HEZBOLLAH AL MANHAJ; Rogerson R, 2000, PROG PLANN, V54, P133, DOI 10.1016-S0305-9006(00)00011-8; Roy A, 2009, ANTIPODE, V41, P159, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8330.2008.00660.x; Saliba R., 2000, EXPLORING BUILT ENV; Scott James C, 1998, SEEING STATE; Simone AbdouMaliq, 2010, CITY LIFE JAKARTA DA; Singer J., 1997, PROPERTY LAW RULES P; Singer JW., 2000, ENTITLEMENT PARADOXE; SINGER JW, 1988, STANFORD LAW REV, V40, P611, DOI 10.2307-1228814; Smith N., 2002, ANTIPODE, V34.3, P452; Smith N., 2006, POLITICS PUBLIC SPAC0
Neoliberal urbanity and the right to the city: A view from Beirut's periphery
No full textDrawing on Lefebvre's theorization of space in order to examine the compatibility of neoliberalism and the right to the city, this study investigates how the formation of informal settlements since the 1950s had provided low-income dwellers in Beirut (Lebanon) a means to conceive of and engage in city making (neighbourhood production, management, and organization) at a time when state regulations and-or market constraints would have excluded them from the city. It also examines how the prevailing neoliberal ideology of the 1990s, as translated through Lebanon's sectarian-clientelist regime, is curtailing these possibilities. Evidence for the article was drawn from interviews with dwellers, developers and public officials, as well as from archival searches and aerial photographs. © Institute of Social Studies 2009.AJAMI F, 1987, VANISHED IMAM; Aveline N., 2000, 6 CERMOCORBR; Benton Lauren, 1994, SOCIAL LEGAL STUDIES, V3, P223, DOI 10.1177-096466399400300202; BERRYCHIKHANOUI I, 2000, COMPETENCES CITADINS; BEY H, 1991, TAZ TEMPORARY AUTOMA; BOURGEY A, 1973, REV GEOGRAPHIE LYON, V48, P107, DOI 10.3406-geoca.1973.1623; Brenner N, 2002, ANTIPODE, V34, P349, DOI 10.1111-1467-8330.00246; Charara W., 1996, DAWLAT HEZBOLLAH; Davis M., 2007, PLANET SLUMS; de Souza M. L., 2001, DISP, V147, P25; DEBOULET A, 2005, URBANISME, V336, P34; DELACUEVA AA, 1987, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V11, P522; Dikec M, 2001, ENVIRON PLANN A, V33, P1785, DOI 10.1068-a3467; Dikec M, 2006, ANTIPODE, V38, P59, DOI 10.1111-j.0066-4812.2006.00565.x; Dikec M, 2002, GEOJOURNAL, V58, P91, DOI 10.1023-B:GEJO.0000010828.40053.de; FAOUR A, 1981, SYRIAN GEOGRAPHICAL, V6, P3; FAVIER A, 2001, CAHIERS CERMOC, V24; FAWAZ M, 2004, THESIS MIT CAMBRIDGE; Fawaz M, 2008, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V32, P565, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x; FAWAZ M, 2003, ACCESS HOUSING POOR; FAWAZ M, 2002, SLUMS BEIRUT HIST DE; FAWAZ M, 2005, NGOS GOVERNANCE ARAB, P229; Fawaz Mona, 2009, COMP CITIES MIDDLE E, P197; Fernandes E, 2007, SOC LEGAL STUD, V16, P201, DOI 10.1177-0964663907076529; Fernandes Edesio, 1998, ILLEGAL CITIES LAW U; FRIEDMAN J, 1988, RETHINKING LATIN AM, P99; GENBERG D, 2002, URBAN ETHNIC ENCOUNT, P81; Hall T, 1996, PROG HUM GEOG, V20, P153, DOI 10.1177-030913259602000201; HARB M, HEZBOLLAH B IN PRESS; Harb M, 2005, THIRD WORLD Q, V26, P173, DOI 10.1080-0143659042000322973; Harb M., 2003, GENESES, V51, P70; Harloe M, 2001, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V25, P889, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00350; Harvey D, 2008, NEW LEFT REV, P23; Harvey D, 2007, ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS, V610, P22, DOI 10.1177-0002716206296780; Isin E., 2000, DEMOCRACY CITIZENSHI; Kassir Samir, 2003, HIST BEYROUTH; Keyder C, 2005, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V29, P124, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-2427.2005.00574.x; Larner W, 2003, ENVIRON PLANN D, V21, P509, DOI 10.1068-d2105ed; Lefebvre H., 1974, PRODUCTION ESPACE; Lefebvre H., 1968, DROIT VILLE; Logan J. R., 1987, URBAN FORTUNES; Martin D, 2003, J URBAN AFF, V25, P113, DOI 10.1111-1467-9906.t01-1-00001; McCann E., 2002, GEOJOURNAL, V58, P77, DOI 10.1023-B:GEJO.0000010826.75561.c0; Miraftab F, 2005, J PLAN EDUC RES, V25, P200, DOI 10.1177-0739456X05282182; Mitchell Don, 2003, RIGHT CITY SOCIAL JU; Nagel C, 2000, GROWTH CHANGE, V31, P211; NAVEZBOUCHANINE F, 2003, ESPACES SOC, V112, P59; NORTON R, 1987, AMAL SHIA; Pamuk A, 2000, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V24, P379, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00253; Purcell M., 2002, GEOJOURNAL, V58, P99, DOI DOI 10.1023-B:GEJ0.0000010829.62237.8F; Purcell M, 2003, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V27, P564, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00467; QASIM N, 2002, HEZBOLLAH AL MANHAJ; RAZZAZ OM, 1994, LAW SOC REV, V28, P7, DOI 10.2307-3054136; Razzaz O.M., 1998, ILLEGAL CITIES LAW U, P69; Schmid H, 2006, EUR PLAN STUD, V14, P365, DOI 10.1080-09654310500420859; Shields R, 1998, LEFEBVRE LOVE STRUGG; SIMONC AM, 2005, AFRICA MEDITERRANEO, V50, P37; Smith N., 2002, ANTIPODE, V34, P434; TABET J, 2001, BEYROUTH COLLECTION; TRABOULSI F, 2008, TARIKH LOUBNAN AL HA; Turner J., 1972, FREEDOM BUILD, P148; *UN HAB, HAB INT COAL; Varley A, 2002, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V26, P449, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00392; Ward P., 1982, SELF HELP HOUSING CR; WARD PM, 1992, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V16, P60; ZUMINO HM, 2006, URBAN STUD, V43, P1825129
Contracts and retaliation: Securing housing exchanges in the interstice of the formal-informal Beirut (Lebanon) housing market
No full textThe current housing policy paradigm supports the integration of informal settlements' housing markets with the larger housing markets. Given, however, that housing production and exchange happen in a continuum of formal and informal processes, this article seeks to look at the effects of this integration on the conditions of housing acquisition for low-income urban dwellers. Based on a case study in Hayy el-Sellom (Beirut), the article traces the changing practices that ensued from the integration of this informal settlement's housing market in the affordable housing market of the city's suburbs by looking at how exchanges were secured and redress sought in cases of default. Research findings indicate that the introduction of practices borrowed from the larger housing market did not improve market securities. This suggests that rather than focusing on the formal-informal divide, planners should devise context-specific methods to address locally identified market weaknesses. © 2009 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning.ACIOLY C, 2007, LAND LINES, V19, P1; *AG CENTR STAT, 1996, VILL BEYR RES REC IM; Assaad R, 1996, J PLAN EDUC RES, V16, P115, DOI 10.1177-0739456X9601600204; AVELINE N, 2000, MARCHES FONCIERS IMM; BAKEN RJ, 1993, THIRD WORLD PLAN REV, V15, P1; BENJAMIN S, 1996, THESIS MIT; Benton Lauren, 1994, SOCIAL LEGAL STUDIES, V3, P223, DOI 10.1177-096466399400300202; Berner E., 2001, DEV PRACTICE, V11, P292, DOI 10.1080-09614520120056423; Bourdieu P., 1986, HDB THEORY RES SOCIO, P241, DOI DOI 10.1177-0265532207083743; Bridge G, 2001, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V25, P87, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00299; BURGESS R, 1982, SELF HELP HOUSING CR, P17; De Soto H., 2000, MYSTERY CAPITAL WHY; DELACUEVA AA, 1987, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V11, P522; DOWALL DE, 1989, URBAN STUD, V26, P327, DOI 10.1080-00420988920080331; DURANDLASSERVE A, 1990, TRANSFORMATION LAND, P37; DURANDLASSERVE A, 1987, CITIES, V4, P325; DURANDLASSERVE A, 1994, METHODOLOGY LAND HOU, P55; Eggertsson T, 1990, EC BEHAV I; Fawaz M, 2008, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V32, P565, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x; FAWAZ M, 2003, ACCESS HOUSING UNPUB; FAWAZ M, 2002, SLUMS BEIRUT HIST DE; FAWAZ M, 2004, THESIS MIT; FEDER G, 1991, WORLD BANK ECON REV, V5, P135, DOI 10.1093-wber-5.1.135; Fekade W, 2000, HABITAT INT, V24, P127, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(99)00034-X; Field Erica A., 2004, DO PROPERTY TITLES I; Gilbert A, 2002, INT DEV PLANN REV, V24, P1; GOUGH KV, 1998, HOUSING STUDIES, V13, P148; Harb M., 2003, GENESES, V51, P70; JENKINS P, 2001, URBAN DEV CIVIL SOC, P16; Jenkins P, 2001, HOUSING STUD, V16, P485; Jones G., 1994, METHODOLOGY LAND HOU; JONES G, 2007, HOUSING FINANCE DEV; Keivani R, 2001, PROG PLANN, V55, P65, DOI 10.1016-S0305-9006(00)00022-2; Keivani R, 2001, HABITAT INT, V25, P191, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(00)00024-2; Kironde JML, 2000, HABITAT INT, V24, P151; Klein DB, 1997, REPUTATION STUDIES V; Kombe WJ, 2000, HABITAT INT, V24, P231, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(99)00041-7; Kombe WJ, 2000, HABITAT INT, V24, P167, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(99)00036-3; Lanjouw JO, 2002, ECON J, V112, P986, DOI 10.1111-1468-0297.00067; Linn J., 1983, CITIES DEV WORLD POL; MALPEZZI S, 1994, 3 WORLD PLANNING REV, V16, P451; McAuslan Patrick, 2003, BRINGING LAW BACK ES; Merry Sally Engle, 1997, REPUTATION STUDIES V, P47; Mooya MM, 2007, URBAN STUD, V44, P147, DOI 10.1080-00420980601032498; Mukhija V, 2004, URBAN STUD, V41, P2231, DOI 10.1080-0042098042000268438; North D., 1990, I CHANGE EC PERFORMA; Pamuk A, 2000, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V24, P379, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00253; PEATTIE L, 1987, WORLD DEV, V15, P851, DOI 10.1016-0305-750X(87)90038-6; RAKODI C, 2005, WORLD BANK URB RES S; RAZZAZ OM, 1993, LAND ECON, V69, P341, DOI 10.2307-3146452; Razzaz O.M., 1998, ILLEGAL CITIES LAW U, P69; SANTOS BDS, 1977, LAW SOC REV, V12, P5; SANYAL B, 2007, PLANNING I, P207; Sanyal Bish, 1996, REGIONAL DEV DIALOGU, V17, P161; Smith H, 2003, HABITAT INT, V27, P83, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(02)00037-1; STRASSMANN WP, 1994, CITIES, V11, P377, DOI 10.1016-0264-2751(94)90070-1; Tang BS, 2006, HOUSING STUD, V21, P799, DOI 10.1080-01436590600917647; Turner J., 1972, FREEDOM BUILD, P148; TURNER JC, 1967, J AM I PLANNERS, V33, P167, DOI 10.1080-01944366708977912; UN-Habitat, 2003, CHALL SLUMS; VANDERLINDEN J, 1994, THIRD WORLD PLAN REV, V16, P223; van Horen B, 2000, J PLAN EDUC RES, V19, P389, DOI 10.1177-0739456X0001900408; Varley A, 2002, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V26, P449, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00392; Ward P., 1982, SELF HELP HOUSING CR; Ward PM, 2004, URBAN STUD, V41, P2621, DOI 10.1080-0042098042000294592; Wehbi S, 2002, WOMEN STUD INT FORUM, V25, P287; Williamson IP, 2001, LAND USE POLICY, V18, P297, DOI 10.1016-S0264-8377(01)00021-7; *WORLD BANK, 1993, EN MARK WORK; World Bank, 2002, WORLD DEV REP 2002; YINGER J, 1981, AM ECON REV, V71, P5910
Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads
No full textWhat is happening to al-Qaida: does it still constitute a threat to its adversaries, and if so how grave? Fawaz A Gerges, author of "The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global", uses extensive survey evidence to examine the movement’s standing in the Muslim world and take the measure of its ability to continue its campaig
An Unusual Clique of City-Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950-75)
No full textThis article documents the early development of an informal settlement in Beirut (Lebanon) through the trajectories of the developers who participated in its production, looking specifically at the role that social networks played in the process. Drawing primarily on the methodological approach developed by Pierre Bourdieu, my analysis reveals that social networks play a central role as conduits for developers to access the necessary housing ingredients and market securities they need to conduct their businesses. Social networks also function as accumulated capital, enabling developers to strengthen their hold over the production of housing in the neighborhood. My analysis also indicates that while some of these networks were inherited, many were built through patient investments deployed by these developers within the changing limitations of the micro (neighborhood) and macro (city-wide) contexts. Finally, the changing distribution of social networks in this neighborhood determined when and how different social agents were able to participate as developers in the production and exchange of housing. These findings are important since they generate new insights into how (informal land) markets work, the practices of developers in this type of neighborhood, as well as the yet unstudied mechanisms of informal housing production in the Lebanese context. © 2008 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2008 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.[Anonymous], 2000, BREAKDOWN STATE LEBA; Aristizabal NC, 2004, HABITAT INT, V28, P245, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(03)00075-4; Assaad R, 1997, J DEV ECON, V52, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3878(96)00441-5; Berner E., 2001, DEV PRACTICE, V11, P292, DOI 10.1080-09614520120056423; BERNER E, 2001, NAER C ESF N AERUS I; Bourdieu P., 1994, RAISONS PRATIQUES TH; Bourdieu P., 1992, INVITATION REFLEXIVE; Bourdieu P., 1970, REPROD ELEMENTS THEO; Bourdieu P., 2000, STRUCTURES SOCIALES; Bourdieu Pierre, 1986, HDB THEORY RES SOCIO; BOURDIEU P, 1987, HASTINGS LAW J, V38, P805; Bourdieu Pierre, 1980, SENS PRATIQUE; Bourdieu Pierre, 1979, DISTINCTION; CHABBI M, 1988, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V12, P8; CHARAFEDDINE W, 1991, THESIS U PARIS 8; COLEMAN J.S., 1987, EC IMPERIALISM EC AP; Collier D., 1976, SQUATTERS OLIGARCHS; De Soto H., 2000, MYSTERY CAPITAL WHY; De Soto H, 1989, OTHER PATH INVISIBLE; DEBOULET A, 1994, THESIS U PARIS 12 CR; DEBOULET A, 1993, ANN RECHERCHE URBAIN, V59, P78; DEMAGALHAES CS, 1999, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, P445; DESOUSASANTOS B, 1977, LAW SOC REV, P5; FAOUR A, 1981, SYRIAN GEOGRAPHICAL, V6, P3; FAWAZ M, 2004, THESIS MIT; Fernandes Edesio, 1998, ILLEGAL CITIES LAW U; Fichter R., 1972, FREEDOM BUILD DWELLE; FOLEY M, 1999, J PUBLIC POLICY, V0019; GARCIA B, 1994, METHODOLOGY LAND HOU; Gidden A., 1979, CENTRAL PROBLEMS SOC; Granovetter M, 2001, SOCIOLOGY EC LIFE; Granovetter M, 2005, J ECON PERSPECT, V19, P33, DOI 10.1257-0895330053147958; HADJIMICHALIS C, 2006, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, P690; HASAN A, 2000, HOUSING POOR FAILURE; Jenkins P, 2001, HOUSING STUD, V16, P485; Khuri F, 1975, VILLAGE SUBURB ORDER; Leontidou L, 1990, MEDITERRANEAN CITY T; MOOYA MM, 2007, URBAN STUD, P147; NASR S, 1978, MERIP, V13, P3; Pamuk A, 2000, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V24, P379, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00253; Perlman J., 1976, MYTH MARGINALITY; Putnam Robert, 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR; RAZZAZ O, 1998, ILLEGAL CITIES LAW U; RAZZAZ O, 1996, INFORMAL SECTO UNPUB; RAZZAZ OM, 1993, LAND ECON, V69, P341, DOI 10.2307-3146452; Salibi K., 1976, CROSSROADS CIVIL WAR; SEWELL WH, 1992, AM J SOCIOL, V1, P1; SMART A, 1983, SQUATTER PROPERTY MA; SMART A, 1993, CULT ANTHROPOL, V8, P388, DOI 10.1525-can.1993.8.3.02a00060; Smith H, 2003, HABITAT INT, V27, P83, DOI 10.1016-S0197-3975(02)00037-1; SOLIMAN A, 2004, URBAN INFORMALITY TR; TANG B, 2006, HOUSING STUDIES, P799; Topalov C., 1987, LOGEMENT FRANCE HIST; TRABOULSI F, 1993, THESIS U PARIS 3; Varley A, 2002, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V26, P449, DOI 10.1111-1468-2427.00392; Ward P., 1982, SELF HELP HOUSING CR; Ward P. M., 1999, COLONIAS PUBLIC POLI; World Bank, 2002, WORLD DEV REP 2002108
Show, Edit and Tell: A Framework for Editing Image Captions
No full textMost image captioning frameworks generate captions directly from images, learning a mapping from visual features to natural language. However, editing existing captions can be easier than generating new ones from scratch. Intuitively, when editing captions, a model is not required to learn information that is already present in the caption (i.e. sentence structure), enabling it to focus on fixing details (e.g. replacing repetitive words). This paper proposes a novel approach to image captioning based on iterative adaptive refinement of an existing caption. Specifically, our caption-editing model consisting of two sub-modules: (1) EditNet, a language module with an adaptive copy mechanism (Copy-LSTM) and a Selective Copy Memory Attention mechanism (SCMA), and (2) DCNet, an LSTM-based denoising auto-encoder. These components enable our model to directly copy from and modify existing captions. Experiments demonstrate that our new approach achieves state-of-art performance on the MS COCO dataset both with and without sequence-level training
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