1,720,977 research outputs found
'Salmonella' Infantis, a Potential Human Pathogen has an Association with Table Eggs
No full textFood borne Salmonellosis in human is mainly caused by the consumption of contaminated eggs and other poultry products. Trans-shell route is considered the underlying phenomena leading to the production of 'Salmonella' Infantis contaminated eggs. 'Salmonella' Infantis comes in the top 10 human pathogenic 'Salmonella' serovars, been isolated from human and poultry from diverse group of countries in patients linked to contaminated food. Majority of the 'Salmonella' cases are sporadic, outbreaks occur frequently with a direct or indirect link to contaminated food especially poultry. This review has mainly highlighted the factors affecting 'Salmonella' transmission with a special emphasis on hen eggshell quality
Spectroscopic characterization of fullerenes (C60, C70) in polymeric states
No full textThe vibrational spectra of polymerized C60 and C70 fullerenes are studied by Raman spectroscopy. All the samples were synthesized under different pressure - temperature (p-T) conditions in a piston and cylinder device (not subject of this work. Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) laser (532nm) and HeNe laser (633 nm) were used for excitation. With HeNe laser excitation, very weak Raman signals were observed in case of both polymerized and monomeric samples due to high fluorescence. In contrary, using 532nm laser excitation, C60 was successfully characterized in its polymeric form which was identified via shift of vibrational modes and/or appearance of new Raman – active modes. Despite the similarities in the Raman spectra of 1-Dimensional (1D) and 2- Dimensional (2D) C60 polymers some differences in the Raman peak positions were identified. More importantly, we were able to distinguish between 1D and 2D polymers via the amplitude of pentagonal pinch mode (Ag(2)) peak position shift. The C60 samples under investigation exhibit multiphase structure due to quasi non-hydrostaticity of pressure during the high p-T synthesis. It was difficult to characterize high p-T treated C70 samples even with with 532 nm laser excitation - no evident shift of Raman modes was observed. It implies that FT Raman spectroscopy with IR excitation is needed for characterization of polymeric structures generated in C70 at high p-T.Validerat; 20101217 (root
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The eggshell cuticle of the laying hen
No full textThe cuticle is the outermost layer, deposited on the palisade layer of the eggshell during the last 1.5-2 hr of eggshell formation in 'utero'. It is a non-calcified, thin, water-insoluble layer composed mainly of glycoproteins with some carbohydrate and fat constituents. The cuticle functions as a protective layer which regulates gaseous exchange across the shell, acts as a first line of defence against microbial penetration across the eggshell and is associated with termination of calcite crystal growth during shell formation. The extent of cuticle deposition is influenced by hen age and strain. The physiological and microbiological characteristics of the hen eggshell cuticle are reviewed in relation to its protective functions
Protoporphyrin IX in shell and cuticle of brown shelled eggs
No full textEggs were collected from Hy-Line brown flocks aged 33, 50 and 67 wk. Thirty eggs from each flock were analyzed to determine the reliability of MST (MS Technologies, U.K.) cuticle blue stain as an indicator of the presence of cuticle and the effective removal of cuticle by use of an EDTA solution. Another 30 eggs, collected at the same time from each flock, were processed for the quantification of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX) from the eggshell with and without the presence of cuticle. The L*a* components of the colour space system were significantly different among the age groups. There was a high degree of correlation between the extent of MST cuticle blue staining and the amount of cuticle on the eggshell as recorded by scanning electron microscopy. PP IX pigment was quantified by spectrophotometric analysis of digested eggshell solutions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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