1,721,597 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nouvelle application de la chimie radicalaire des xanthates
No full textMes travaux de recherche doctorale sont principalement liés à la chimie radicalaire des xanthates et à ses applications. Ces travaux de recherche sont réalisés sous la supervision du Prof. Samir Z. Zard au Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique de l'Ecole Polytechnique. Ce manuscrit est composé de trois chapitres et d'une partie expérimentale.Dans le chapitre 1, le concept général et le mécanisme de la chimie radicalaire des xanthates ont été brièvement présentés. Nous avons résumé une variété de méthodes de synthèse des xanthates primaires, secondaires et tertiaires. De plus, nous avons résumé brièvement certaines applications des xanthates, y compris les additions radicales intra et intermoléculaires, la cyclisation radicale intramoléculaire et la synthèse de dérivés d'acides aminés et de produits naturels basés sur la puissante chimie radicalaire des xanthates.Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons décrit un bref aperçu des différentes stratégies de synthèse de l'eptazocine. De nouvelles voies de synthèse de l'eptazocine ont été présentées, basées sur le puissant processus d'addition-transfert dégénéré de xanthates comme étape clé. Bien que l'eptazocine n'ait pas pu être synthétisée avec succès par trois voies différentes impliquant la chimie radicalaire des xanthates comme étape clé, le squelette central de l'eptazocine a été construit, en particulier sur le centre de carbone quaternaire benzylique.Dans le chapitre 3, nous avons développé une voie pratique, convergente et bon marché pour obtenir des 1,3-Dithiane-2-ones, des 1,3-Dithiolan-2-ones et des 1,2-Dithiolanes, basée sur l'addition radicale de xanthates à des oléfines portant un groupe partant convenablement situé. Avec les produits d'addition portant des xanthates obtenus par addition radicale de xanthates et d'acétates d'allyle facilement disponibles, une réaction inhabituelle a eu lieu, conduisant à la formation de lactones inattendues. Cette méthode présente certains avantages: (a) les synthèses sont très courtes, utilisent des matières premières et des réactifs peu coûteux et sont extrêmement flexibles; (b) une grande variété de groupes fonctionnels peut être tolérée et les conditions de réaction sont douces; (c) elle est économique en atomes puisque les deux atomes de soufre des xanthates se retrouvent dans les produits.Dans la section expérimentale (au chapitre 4), les 98 produits des chapitres 2 et 3 ont été préparés par les méthodes générales correspondantes et caractérisés par 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS et point de fusion pour les produits solides.My PhD research works are mainly related to the radical chemistry of xanthates and involved its application. These research works are accomplished under the supervision of Prof. Samir Z. Zard in the Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique in Ecole Polytechnique. This manuscript consists of three chapters and an experimental section.In chapter 1, the general concept and mechanism of the radical chemistry of xanthates have been introduced briefly. It has summarized a variety of methods for the synthesis of primary, secondary and tertiary xanthates. In addition to, we have summarized briefly some applications of xanthates including the intra-and intermolecular radical additions, intramolecular radical cyclization, the synthesis of amino acid, ketones derivatives and natural products based on the powerful radical chemistry of xanthates.In chapter 2, we have described a brief overview of various strategies to synthesize the eptazocine. Some new synthesis routes to the eptazocine have been presented based on the powerful degenerate addition-transfer process of xanthates as the key step. Although the eptazocine could not be synthesized successfully by three different routes involving the radical chemistry of xanthates as the key step, the core skeleton of the eptazocine has been constructed, especially on the benzylic quaternary carbon center.In chapter 3, we have developed a practical, convergent, and cheap route to 1,3-Dithiane-2-ones, 1,3-Dithiolan-2-ones and 1,2-Dithiolanes, based on the radical addition of xanthates to olefins bearing a suitably located leaving group. With adducts bearing xanthates obtained by radical addition of easily available xanthates and allyl acetates, an unusual reaction has been taking place leading to the formation of the unexpected lactones. This method has some advantages: (a) the syntheses are very short, use inexpensive starting materials and reagents, and are extremely flexible; (b) a broad variety of functional groups can be tolerated and the reaction conditions are mild (c) it is atom economical since both sulfur atoms of the xanthates end up in the products.In the experimental section (in chapter 4), the 98 products in Chapter 2 and 3 were prepared by the corresponding general methods and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS and melting point for the solid products
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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